Cantera  3.1.0a1
ThermoPhase Class Reference

Base class for a phase with thermodynamic properties. More...

#include <ThermoPhase.h>

Inheritance diagram for ThermoPhase:
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Detailed Description

Base class for a phase with thermodynamic properties.

Class ThermoPhase is the base class for the family of classes that represent phases of matter of any type. It defines a common public interface, and implements a few methods. Most of the methods, however, are declared virtual and are meant to be overloaded in derived classes. The standard way used throughout Cantera to compute properties of phases of matter is through pointers of type ThermoPhase* that point to objects of subclasses of ThermoPhase.

Class ThermoPhase extends class Phase by adding methods to compute thermodynamic properties in addition to the ones that are used to define the state of a substance (temperature, density/pressure and composition). The distinction is that the methods declared in ThermoPhase require knowing the particular equation of state of the phase of interest, while those of class Phase do not, since they only involve data values stored within the object.

Calculating and accessing thermodynamic properties

The calculation of thermodynamic functions within ThermoPhase is broken down roughly into two or more steps. First, the standard state properties of all of the species are calculated at the current temperature and at either the current pressure or at a reference pressure. If the calculation is carried out at a reference pressure instead of at the current pressure the calculation is called a "reference state properties" calculation, just to make the distinction (even though it may be considered to be a fixed-pressure standard-state calculation). The next step is to adjust the reference state calculation to the current pressure. The thermodynamic functions then are considered to be at the standard state of each species. Lastly the mixing contributions are added to arrive at the thermodynamic functions for the solution.

The ThermoPhase class provides interfaces to thermodynamic properties calculated for the reference state of each species, the standard state values for each species, the thermodynamic functions for solution values, both on a per mole of solution basis (such as ThermoPhase::enthalpy_mole()), on a per kg of solution basis, and on a partial molar basis for each species (such as ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarEnthalpies). At each level, functions for the enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, internal energy, and volume are provided. So, 5 levels (reference state, standard state, partial molar, per mole of solution, and per mass of solution) and 5 functions multiplied together makes 25 possible functions. That's why ThermoPhase is such a large class.

Setting the State of the phase

Typically, the way the ThermoPhase object works is that there are a set of functions that set the state of the phase via setting the internal independent variables. Then, there are another set of functions that query the thermodynamic functions evaluated at the current State of the phase. Internally, most of the intermediate work generally occurs at the point where the internal state of the system is set and not at the time when individual thermodynamic functions are queried (though the actual breakdown in work is dependent on the individual derived ThermoPhase object). Therefore, for efficiency, the user should lump together queries of thermodynamic functions after setting the state. Moreover, in setting the state, if the density is the independent variable, the following order should be used:

  • Set the temperature
  • Set the mole or mass fractions or set the molalities
  • set the pressure.

For classes which inherit from VPStandardStateTP, the above order may be used, or the following order may be used. It's not important.

  • Set the temperature
  • Set the pressure
  • Set the mole or mass fractions or set the molalities

See the list of methods that can be used to set the complete state of ThermoPhase objects.

Treatment of the phase potential and the electrochemical potential of a species

The electrochemical potential of species k in a phase p, \( \zeta_k \), is related to the chemical potential as:

\[ \zeta_{k}(T,P) = \mu_{k}(T,P) + z_k \phi_p \]

where \( \nu_k \) is the charge of species k, and \( \phi_p \) is the electric potential of phase p.

The potential \( \phi_p \) is tracked and internally stored within the base ThermoPhase object. It constitutes a specification of the internal state of the phase; it's the third state variable, the first two being temperature and density (or, pressure, for incompressible equations of state). It may be set with the function, setElectricPotential(), and may be queried with the function electricPotential().

Note, the overall electrochemical potential of a phase may not be changed by the potential because many phases enforce charge neutrality:

\[ 0 = \sum_k z_k X_k \]

Whether charge neutrality is necessary for a phase is also specified within the ThermoPhase object, by the function call chargeNeutralityNecessary(). Note, that it is not necessary for the ideal gas phase, currently. However, it is necessary for liquid phases such as DebyeHuckel and HMWSoln for the proper specification of the chemical potentials.

This equation, when applied to the \( \zeta_k \) equation described above, results in a zero net change in the effective Gibbs free energy of the phase. However, specific charged species in the phase may increase or decrease their electrochemical potentials, which will have an effect on interfacial reactions involving charged species, when there is a potential drop between phases. This effect is used within the InterfaceKinetics and EdgeKinetics classes.

Specification of Activities and Activity Conventions

The activity \( a_k \) and activity coefficient \( \gamma_k \) of a species in solution is related to the chemical potential by

\[ \mu_k = \mu_k^0(T,P) + \hat R T \ln a_k = \mu_k^0(T,P) + \hat R T \ln x_k \gamma_k \]

The quantity \( \mu_k^0(T,P) \) is the standard chemical potential at unit activity, which depends on the temperature and pressure, but not on the composition. The activity is dimensionless. Within liquid electrolytes it's common to use a molality convention, where solute species employ the molality-based activity coefficients:

\[ \mu_k = \mu_k^\triangle(T,P) + R T \ln a_k^{\triangle} = \mu_k^\triangle(T,P) + R T \ln \frac{\gamma_k^{\triangle} m_k}{m^\triangle} \]

And the solvent employs the convention

\[ \mu_o = \mu^o_o(T,P) + RT \ln a_o \]

where \( a_o \) is often redefined in terms of the osmotic coefficient \( \phi \):

\[ \phi = \frac{- \ln a_o}{\tilde{M}_o \sum_{i \ne o} m_i} \]

ThermoPhase classes which employ the molality based convention are all derived from the MolalityVPSSTP class. See the class description for further information on its capabilities.

The activity convention used by a ThermoPhase object may be queried via the activityConvention() function. A zero means molar based, while a one means molality based.

The function getActivities() returns a vector of activities. Whether these are molar-based or molality-based depends on the value of activityConvention().

The function getActivityCoefficients() always returns molar-based activity coefficients regardless of the activity convention used. The function MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients() returns molality based activity coefficients for those ThermoPhase objects derived from the MolalityVPSSTP class. The function MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient() returns the osmotic coefficient.

Activity Concentrations: Relationship of ThermoPhase to Kinetics Expressions

Cantera can handle both thermodynamics and kinetics mechanisms. Reversible kinetics mechanisms within Cantera must be compatible with thermodynamics in the sense that at equilibrium, or at infinite times, the concentrations of species must conform to thermodynamics. This means that for every valid reversible kinetics reaction in a mechanism, it must be reducible to an expression involving the ratio of the product activity to the reactant activities being equal to the exponential of the dimensionless standard state gibbs free energies of reaction. Irreversible kinetics reactions do not have this requirement; however, their usage can yield unexpected and inconsistent results in many situations.

The actual units used in a kinetics expression depend on the context or the relative field of study. For example, in gas phase kinetics, species in kinetics expressions are expressed in terms of concentrations, for example, gmol cm-3. In solid phase studies, however, kinetics is usually expressed in terms of unitless activities, which most often equate to solid phase mole fractions. In order to accommodate variability here, Cantera has come up with the idea of activity concentrations, \( C^a_k \). Activity concentrations are the expressions used directly in kinetics expressions. These activity (or generalized) concentrations are used by kinetics manager classes to compute the forward and reverse rates of elementary reactions. Note that they may or may not have units of concentration — they might be partial pressures, mole fractions, or surface coverages, The activity concentrations for species k, \( C^a_k \), are related to the activity for species k, \( a_k \), via the expression:

\[ a_k = C^a_k / C^0_k \]

\( C^0_k \) are called standard concentrations. They serve as multiplicative factors between the activities and the generalized concentrations. Standard concentrations may be different for each species. They may depend on both the temperature and the pressure. However, they may not depend on the composition of the phase. For example, for the IdealGasPhase object the standard concentration is defined as

\[ C^0_k = \frac{P}{RT} \]

while in many solid phase kinetics problems,

\[ C^0_k = 1.0 \]

is employed making the units for activity concentrations in solids unitless.

ThermoPhase member functions dealing with this concept include getActivityConcentrations(), which provides a vector of the current activity concentrations. The function standardConcentration() returns the standard concentration of the kth species. The function logStandardConc(), returns the natural log of the kth standard concentration. The function standardConcentrationUnits() returns the units of the standard concentration.

Equilibrium constants

  • \( K_a \) is the equilibrium constant defined in terms of the standard state Gibbs free energy values. It is by definition dimensionless.
  • \( K_p \) is the equilibrium constant defined in terms of the reference state Gibbs free energy values. It is by definition dimensionless. The pressure dependence is handled entirely on the RHS of the equilibrium expression.
  • \( K_c \) is the equilibrium constant defined in terms of the activity concentrations. The dimensions depend on the number of products and reactants.

The kinetics manager requires the calculation of \( K_c \) for the calculation of the reverse rate constant.

Definition at line 389 of file ThermoPhase.h.

Public Member Functions

 ThermoPhase ()=default
 Constructor. More...
 
double RT () const
 Return the Gas Constant multiplied by the current temperature. More...
 
double equivalenceRatio () const
 Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture from available oxygen and required oxygen. More...
 
Information Methods
string type () const override
 String indicating the thermodynamic model implemented. More...
 
virtual bool isIdeal () const
 Boolean indicating whether phase is ideal. More...
 
virtual string phaseOfMatter () const
 String indicating the mechanical phase of the matter in this Phase. More...
 
virtual double refPressure () const
 Returns the reference pressure in Pa. More...
 
virtual double minTemp (size_t k=npos) const
 Minimum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species or phase are valid. More...
 
double Hf298SS (const size_t k) const
 Report the 298 K Heat of Formation of the standard state of one species (J kmol-1) More...
 
virtual void modifyOneHf298SS (const size_t k, const double Hf298New)
 Modify the value of the 298 K Heat of Formation of one species in the phase (J kmol-1) More...
 
virtual void resetHf298 (const size_t k=npos)
 Restore the original heat of formation of one or more species. More...
 
virtual double maxTemp (size_t k=npos) const
 Maximum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species are valid. More...
 
bool chargeNeutralityNecessary () const
 Returns the chargeNeutralityNecessity boolean. More...
 
Molar Thermodynamic Properties of the Solution
virtual double enthalpy_mole () const
 Molar enthalpy. Units: J/kmol. More...
 
virtual double intEnergy_mole () const
 Molar internal energy. Units: J/kmol. More...
 
virtual double entropy_mole () const
 Molar entropy. Units: J/kmol/K. More...
 
virtual double gibbs_mole () const
 Molar Gibbs function. Units: J/kmol. More...
 
virtual double cp_mole () const
 Molar heat capacity at constant pressure. Units: J/kmol/K. More...
 
virtual double cv_mole () const
 Molar heat capacity at constant volume. Units: J/kmol/K. More...
 
Mechanical Properties
virtual double isothermalCompressibility () const
 Returns the isothermal compressibility. Units: 1/Pa. More...
 
virtual double thermalExpansionCoeff () const
 Return the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient. Units: 1/K. More...
 
virtual double soundSpeed () const
 Return the speed of sound. Units: m/s. More...
 
Electric Potential

The phase may be at some non-zero electrical potential.

These methods set or get the value of the electric potential.

void setElectricPotential (double v)
 Set the electric potential of this phase (V). More...
 
double electricPotential () const
 Returns the electric potential of this phase (V). More...
 
Activities, Standard States, and Activity Concentrations

The activity \( a_k \) of a species in solution is related to the chemical potential by

\[ \mu_k = \mu_k^0(T,P) + \hat R T \ln a_k. \]

The quantity \( \mu_k^0(T,P) \) is the standard chemical potential at unit activity, which depends on temperature and pressure, but not on composition. The activity is dimensionless.

virtual int activityConvention () const
 This method returns the convention used in specification of the activities, of which there are currently two, molar- and molality-based conventions. More...
 
virtual int standardStateConvention () const
 This method returns the convention used in specification of the standard state, of which there are currently two, temperature based, and variable pressure based. More...
 
virtual Units standardConcentrationUnits () const
 Returns the units of the "standard concentration" for this phase. More...
 
virtual void getActivityConcentrations (double *c) const
 This method returns an array of generalized concentrations. More...
 
virtual double standardConcentration (size_t k=0) const
 Return the standard concentration for the kth species. More...
 
virtual double logStandardConc (size_t k=0) const
 Natural logarithm of the standard concentration of the kth species. More...
 
virtual void getActivities (double *a) const
 Get the array of non-dimensional activities at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...
 
virtual void getActivityCoefficients (double *ac) const
 Get the array of non-dimensional molar-based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...
 
virtual void getLnActivityCoefficients (double *lnac) const
 Get the array of non-dimensional molar-based ln activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...
 
Partial Molar Properties of the Solution
virtual void getChemPotentials (double *mu) const
 Get the species chemical potentials. Units: J/kmol. More...
 
void getElectrochemPotentials (double *mu) const
 Get the species electrochemical potentials. More...
 
virtual void getPartialMolarEnthalpies (double *hbar) const
 Returns an array of partial molar enthalpies for the species in the mixture. More...
 
virtual void getPartialMolarEntropies (double *sbar) const
 Returns an array of partial molar entropies of the species in the solution. More...
 
virtual void getPartialMolarIntEnergies (double *ubar) const
 Return an array of partial molar internal energies for the species in the mixture. More...
 
virtual void getPartialMolarCp (double *cpbar) const
 Return an array of partial molar heat capacities for the species in the mixture. More...
 
virtual void getPartialMolarVolumes (double *vbar) const
 Return an array of partial molar volumes for the species in the mixture. More...
 
Properties of the Standard State of the Species in the Solution
virtual void getStandardChemPotentials (double *mu) const
 Get the array of chemical potentials at unit activity for the species at their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
virtual void getEnthalpy_RT (double *hrt) const
 Get the nondimensional Enthalpy functions for the species at their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
virtual void getEntropy_R (double *sr) const
 Get the array of nondimensional Entropy functions for the standard state species at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
virtual void getGibbs_RT (double *grt) const
 Get the nondimensional Gibbs functions for the species in their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
virtual void getPureGibbs (double *gpure) const
 Get the Gibbs functions for the standard state of the species at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
virtual void getIntEnergy_RT (double *urt) const
 Returns the vector of nondimensional Internal Energies of the standard state species at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
virtual void getCp_R (double *cpr) const
 Get the nondimensional Heat Capacities at constant pressure for the species standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
virtual void getStandardVolumes (double *vol) const
 Get the molar volumes of the species standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...
 
Thermodynamic Values for the Species Reference States
virtual void getEnthalpy_RT_ref (double *hrt) const
 Returns the vector of nondimensional enthalpies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species. More...
 
virtual void getGibbs_RT_ref (double *grt) const
 Returns the vector of nondimensional Gibbs Free Energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species. More...
 
virtual void getGibbs_ref (double *g) const
 Returns the vector of the Gibbs function of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species. More...
 
virtual void getEntropy_R_ref (double *er) const
 Returns the vector of nondimensional entropies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for each species. More...
 
virtual void getIntEnergy_RT_ref (double *urt) const
 Returns the vector of nondimensional internal Energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for each species. More...
 
virtual void getCp_R_ref (double *cprt) const
 Returns the vector of nondimensional constant pressure heat capacities of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and reference pressure for each species. More...
 
virtual void getStandardVolumes_ref (double *vol) const
 Get the molar volumes of the species reference states at the current T and P_ref of the solution. More...
 
Specific Properties
double enthalpy_mass () const
 Specific enthalpy. Units: J/kg. More...
 
double intEnergy_mass () const
 Specific internal energy. Units: J/kg. More...
 
double entropy_mass () const
 Specific entropy. Units: J/kg/K. More...
 
double gibbs_mass () const
 Specific Gibbs function. Units: J/kg. More...
 
double cp_mass () const
 Specific heat at constant pressure. Units: J/kg/K. More...
 
double cv_mass () const
 Specific heat at constant volume. Units: J/kg/K. More...
 
Setting the State

These methods set all or part of the thermodynamic state.

virtual void setState_TPX (double t, double p, const double *x)
 Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...
 
virtual void setState_TPX (double t, double p, const Composition &x)
 Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...
 
virtual void setState_TPX (double t, double p, const string &x)
 Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...
 
virtual void setState_TPY (double t, double p, const double *y)
 Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...
 
virtual void setState_TPY (double t, double p, const Composition &y)
 Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...
 
virtual void setState_TPY (double t, double p, const string &y)
 Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...
 
virtual void setState_TP (double t, double p)
 Set the temperature (K) and pressure (Pa) More...
 
virtual void setState_HP (double h, double p, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the internally stored specific enthalpy (J/kg) and pressure (Pa) of the phase. More...
 
virtual void setState_UV (double u, double v, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the specific internal energy (J/kg) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...
 
virtual void setState_SP (double s, double p, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and pressure (Pa). More...
 
virtual void setState_SV (double s, double v, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...
 
virtual void setState_ST (double s, double t, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and temperature (K). More...
 
virtual void setState_TV (double t, double v, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the temperature (K) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...
 
virtual void setState_PV (double p, double v, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the pressure (Pa) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...
 
virtual void setState_UP (double u, double p, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the specific internal energy (J/kg) and pressure (Pa). More...
 
virtual void setState_VH (double v, double h, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the specific volume (m^3/kg) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg) More...
 
virtual void setState_TH (double t, double h, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the temperature (K) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg) More...
 
virtual void setState_SH (double s, double h, double tol=1e-9)
 Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg) More...
 
virtual void setState_DP (double rho, double p)
 Set the density (kg/m**3) and pressure (Pa) at constant composition. More...
 
virtual void setState (const AnyMap &state)
 Set the state using an AnyMap containing any combination of properties supported by the thermodynamic model. More...
 
Set Mixture Composition by Mixture Fraction
void setMixtureFraction (double mixFrac, const double *fuelComp, const double *oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
 Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) More...
 
void setMixtureFraction (double mixFrac, const string &fuelComp, const string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
 Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) More...
 
void setMixtureFraction (double mixFrac, const Composition &fuelComp, const Composition &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
 Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) More...
 
Compute Mixture Fraction
double mixtureFraction (const double *fuelComp, const double *oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar, const string &element="Bilger") const
 Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...
 
double mixtureFraction (const string &fuelComp, const string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar, const string &element="Bilger") const
 Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...
 
double mixtureFraction (const Composition &fuelComp, const Composition &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar, const string &element="Bilger") const
 Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...
 
Set Mixture Composition by Equivalence Ratio
void setEquivalenceRatio (double phi, const double *fuelComp, const double *oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
 Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio. More...
 
void setEquivalenceRatio (double phi, const string &fuelComp, const string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
 Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio. More...
 
void setEquivalenceRatio (double phi, const Composition &fuelComp, const Composition &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
 Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio. More...
 
Compute Equivalence Ratio
double equivalenceRatio (const double *fuelComp, const double *oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
 Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer. More...
 
double equivalenceRatio (const string &fuelComp, const string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
 Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer. More...
 
double equivalenceRatio (const Composition &fuelComp, const Composition &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
 Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer. More...
 
Compute Stoichiometric Air to Fuel Ratio
double stoichAirFuelRatio (const double *fuelComp, const double *oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
 Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...
 
double stoichAirFuelRatio (const string &fuelComp, const string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
 Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...
 
double stoichAirFuelRatio (const Composition &fuelComp, const Composition &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
 Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...
 
Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium.

void equilibrate (const string &XY, const string &solver="auto", double rtol=1e-9, int max_steps=50000, int max_iter=100, int estimate_equil=0, int log_level=0)
 Equilibrate a ThermoPhase object. More...
 
virtual void setToEquilState (const double *mu_RT)
 This method is used by the ChemEquil equilibrium solver. More...
 
virtual bool compatibleWithMultiPhase () const
 Indicates whether this phase type can be used with class MultiPhase for equilibrium calculations. More...
 
Critical State Properties

These methods are only implemented by subclasses that implement liquid-vapor equations of state.

virtual double critTemperature () const
 Critical temperature (K). More...
 
virtual double critPressure () const
 Critical pressure (Pa). More...
 
virtual double critVolume () const
 Critical volume (m3/kmol). More...
 
virtual double critCompressibility () const
 Critical compressibility (unitless). More...
 
virtual double critDensity () const
 Critical density (kg/m3). More...
 
Saturation Properties

These methods are only implemented by subclasses that implement full liquid-vapor equations of state.

virtual double satTemperature (double p) const
 Return the saturation temperature given the pressure. More...
 
virtual double satPressure (double t)
 Return the saturation pressure given the temperature. More...
 
virtual double vaporFraction () const
 Return the fraction of vapor at the current conditions. More...
 
virtual void setState_Tsat (double t, double x)
 Set the state to a saturated system at a particular temperature. More...
 
virtual void setState_Psat (double p, double x)
 Set the state to a saturated system at a particular pressure. More...
 
void setState_TPQ (double T, double P, double Q)
 Set the temperature, pressure, and vapor fraction (quality). More...
 
Initialization Methods - For Internal Use (ThermoPhase)

The following methods are used in the process of constructing the phase and setting its parameters from a specification in an input file.

They are not normally used in application programs. To see how they are used, see importPhase().

bool addSpecies (shared_ptr< Species > spec) override
 Add a Species to this Phase. More...
 
void modifySpecies (size_t k, shared_ptr< Species > spec) override
 Modify the thermodynamic data associated with a species. More...
 
virtual MultiSpeciesThermospeciesThermo (int k=-1)
 Return a changeable reference to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties. More...
 
virtual const MultiSpeciesThermospeciesThermo (int k=-1) const
 
void initThermoFile (const string &inputFile, const string &id)
 Initialize a ThermoPhase object using an input file. More...
 
virtual void initThermo ()
 Initialize the ThermoPhase object after all species have been set up. More...
 
virtual void setParameters (const AnyMap &phaseNode, const AnyMap &rootNode=AnyMap())
 Set equation of state parameters from an AnyMap phase description. More...
 
AnyMap parameters (bool withInput=true) const
 Returns the parameters of a ThermoPhase object such that an identical one could be reconstructed using the newThermo(AnyMap&) function. More...
 
virtual void getSpeciesParameters (const string &name, AnyMap &speciesNode) const
 Get phase-specific parameters of a Species object such that an identical one could be reconstructed and added to this phase. More...
 
const AnyMapinput () const
 Access input data associated with the phase description. More...
 
AnyMapinput ()
 
void invalidateCache () override
 Invalidate any cached values which are normally updated only when a change in state is detected. More...
 
Derivatives of Thermodynamic Variables needed for Applications

Derivatives of the activity coefficients are needed to evaluate terms arising in multicomponent transport models for non-ideal systems.

While Cantera does not currently implement such models, these derivatives are provided by a few phase models.

virtual void getdlnActCoeffds (const double dTds, const double *const dXds, double *dlnActCoeffds) const
 Get the change in activity coefficients wrt changes in state (temp, mole fraction, etc) along a line in parameter space or along a line in physical space. More...
 
virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnX_diag (double *dlnActCoeffdlnX_diag) const
 Get the array of ln mole fraction derivatives of the log activity coefficients - diagonal component only. More...
 
virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnN_diag (double *dlnActCoeffdlnN_diag) const
 Get the array of log species mole number derivatives of the log activity coefficients. More...
 
virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnN (const size_t ld, double *const dlnActCoeffdlnN)
 Get the array of derivatives of the log activity coefficients with respect to the log of the species mole numbers. More...
 
virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnN_numderiv (const size_t ld, double *const dlnActCoeffdlnN)
 
Printing
virtual string report (bool show_thermo=true, double threshold=-1e-14) const
 returns a summary of the state of the phase as a string More...
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from Phase
 Phase ()=default
 Default constructor. More...
 
 Phase (const Phase &)=delete
 
Phaseoperator= (const Phase &)=delete
 
virtual bool isPure () const
 Return whether phase represents a pure (single species) substance. More...
 
virtual bool hasPhaseTransition () const
 Return whether phase represents a substance with phase transitions. More...
 
virtual bool isCompressible () const
 Return whether phase represents a compressible substance. More...
 
virtual map< string, size_t > nativeState () const
 Return a map of properties defining the native state of a substance. More...
 
string nativeMode () const
 Return string acronym representing the native state of a Phase. More...
 
virtual vector< string > fullStates () const
 Return a vector containing full states defining a phase. More...
 
virtual vector< string > partialStates () const
 Return a vector of settable partial property sets within a phase. More...
 
virtual size_t stateSize () const
 Return size of vector defining internal state of the phase. More...
 
void saveState (vector< double > &state) const
 Save the current internal state of the phase. More...
 
virtual void saveState (size_t lenstate, double *state) const
 Write to array 'state' the current internal state. More...
 
void restoreState (const vector< double > &state)
 Restore a state saved on a previous call to saveState. More...
 
virtual void restoreState (size_t lenstate, const double *state)
 Restore the state of the phase from a previously saved state vector. More...
 
double molecularWeight (size_t k) const
 Molecular weight of species k. More...
 
void getMolecularWeights (double *weights) const
 Copy the vector of molecular weights into array weights. More...
 
const vector< double > & molecularWeights () const
 Return a const reference to the internal vector of molecular weights. More...
 
const vector< double > & inverseMolecularWeights () const
 Return a const reference to the internal vector of molecular weights. More...
 
void getCharges (double *charges) const
 Copy the vector of species charges into array charges. More...
 
virtual void setMolesNoTruncate (const double *const N)
 Set the state of the object with moles in [kmol]. More...
 
double elementalMassFraction (const size_t m) const
 Elemental mass fraction of element m. More...
 
double elementalMoleFraction (const size_t m) const
 Elemental mole fraction of element m. More...
 
double charge (size_t k) const
 Dimensionless electrical charge of a single molecule of species k The charge is normalized by the the magnitude of the electron charge. More...
 
double chargeDensity () const
 Charge density [C/m^3]. More...
 
size_t nDim () const
 Returns the number of spatial dimensions (1, 2, or 3) More...
 
void setNDim (size_t ndim)
 Set the number of spatial dimensions (1, 2, or 3). More...
 
virtual bool ready () const
 Returns a bool indicating whether the object is ready for use. More...
 
int stateMFNumber () const
 Return the State Mole Fraction Number. More...
 
bool caseSensitiveSpecies () const
 Returns true if case sensitive species names are enforced. More...
 
void setCaseSensitiveSpecies (bool cflag=true)
 Set flag that determines whether case sensitive species are enforced in look-up operations, for example speciesIndex. More...
 
vector< double > getCompositionFromMap (const Composition &comp) const
 Converts a Composition to a vector with entries for each species Species that are not specified are set to zero in the vector. More...
 
void massFractionsToMoleFractions (const double *Y, double *X) const
 Converts a mixture composition from mole fractions to mass fractions. More...
 
void moleFractionsToMassFractions (const double *X, double *Y) const
 Converts a mixture composition from mass fractions to mole fractions. More...
 
string name () const
 Return the name of the phase. More...
 
void setName (const string &nm)
 Sets the string name for the phase. More...
 
string elementName (size_t m) const
 Name of the element with index m. More...
 
size_t elementIndex (const string &name) const
 Return the index of element named 'name'. More...
 
const vector< string > & elementNames () const
 Return a read-only reference to the vector of element names. More...
 
double atomicWeight (size_t m) const
 Atomic weight of element m. More...
 
double entropyElement298 (size_t m) const
 Entropy of the element in its standard state at 298 K and 1 bar. More...
 
int atomicNumber (size_t m) const
 Atomic number of element m. More...
 
int elementType (size_t m) const
 Return the element constraint type Possible types include: More...
 
int changeElementType (int m, int elem_type)
 Change the element type of the mth constraint Reassigns an element type. More...
 
const vector< double > & atomicWeights () const
 Return a read-only reference to the vector of atomic weights. More...
 
size_t nElements () const
 Number of elements. More...
 
void checkElementIndex (size_t m) const
 Check that the specified element index is in range. More...
 
void checkElementArraySize (size_t mm) const
 Check that an array size is at least nElements(). More...
 
double nAtoms (size_t k, size_t m) const
 Number of atoms of element m in species k. More...
 
size_t speciesIndex (const string &name) const
 Returns the index of a species named 'name' within the Phase object. More...
 
string speciesName (size_t k) const
 Name of the species with index k. More...
 
const vector< string > & speciesNames () const
 Return a const reference to the vector of species names. More...
 
size_t nSpecies () const
 Returns the number of species in the phase. More...
 
void checkSpeciesIndex (size_t k) const
 Check that the specified species index is in range. More...
 
void checkSpeciesArraySize (size_t kk) const
 Check that an array size is at least nSpecies(). More...
 
void setMoleFractionsByName (const Composition &xMap)
 Set the species mole fractions by name. More...
 
void setMoleFractionsByName (const string &x)
 Set the mole fractions of a group of species by name. More...
 
void setMassFractionsByName (const Composition &yMap)
 Set the species mass fractions by name. More...
 
void setMassFractionsByName (const string &x)
 Set the species mass fractions by name. More...
 
void setState_TD (double t, double rho)
 Set the internally stored temperature (K) and density (kg/m^3) More...
 
Composition getMoleFractionsByName (double threshold=0.0) const
 Get the mole fractions by name. More...
 
double moleFraction (size_t k) const
 Return the mole fraction of a single species. More...
 
double moleFraction (const string &name) const
 Return the mole fraction of a single species. More...
 
Composition getMassFractionsByName (double threshold=0.0) const
 Get the mass fractions by name. More...
 
double massFraction (size_t k) const
 Return the mass fraction of a single species. More...
 
double massFraction (const string &name) const
 Return the mass fraction of a single species. More...
 
void getMoleFractions (double *const x) const
 Get the species mole fraction vector. More...
 
virtual void setMoleFractions (const double *const x)
 Set the mole fractions to the specified values. More...
 
virtual void setMoleFractions_NoNorm (const double *const x)
 Set the mole fractions to the specified values without normalizing. More...
 
void getMassFractions (double *const y) const
 Get the species mass fractions. More...
 
const double * massFractions () const
 Return a const pointer to the mass fraction array. More...
 
virtual void setMassFractions (const double *const y)
 Set the mass fractions to the specified values and normalize them. More...
 
virtual void setMassFractions_NoNorm (const double *const y)
 Set the mass fractions to the specified values without normalizing. More...
 
virtual void getConcentrations (double *const c) const
 Get the species concentrations (kmol/m^3). More...
 
virtual double concentration (const size_t k) const
 Concentration of species k. More...
 
virtual void setConcentrations (const double *const conc)
 Set the concentrations to the specified values within the phase. More...
 
virtual void setConcentrationsNoNorm (const double *const conc)
 Set the concentrations without ignoring negative concentrations. More...
 
double temperature () const
 Temperature (K). More...
 
virtual double electronTemperature () const
 Electron Temperature (K) More...
 
virtual double pressure () const
 Return the thermodynamic pressure (Pa). More...
 
virtual double density () const
 Density (kg/m^3). More...
 
virtual double molarDensity () const
 Molar density (kmol/m^3). More...
 
virtual double molarVolume () const
 Molar volume (m^3/kmol). More...
 
virtual void setDensity (const double density_)
 Set the internally stored density (kg/m^3) of the phase. More...
 
virtual void setPressure (double p)
 Set the internally stored pressure (Pa) at constant temperature and composition. More...
 
virtual void setTemperature (double temp)
 Set the internally stored temperature of the phase (K). More...
 
virtual void setElectronTemperature (double etemp)
 Set the internally stored electron temperature of the phase (K). More...
 
double mean_X (const double *const Q) const
 Evaluate the mole-fraction-weighted mean of an array Q. More...
 
double mean_X (const vector< double > &Q) const
 Evaluate the mole-fraction-weighted mean of an array Q. More...
 
double meanMolecularWeight () const
 The mean molecular weight. Units: (kg/kmol) More...
 
double sum_xlogx () const
 Evaluate \( \sum_k X_k \ln X_k \). More...
 
size_t addElement (const string &symbol, double weight=-12345.0, int atomicNumber=0, double entropy298=ENTROPY298_UNKNOWN, int elem_type=CT_ELEM_TYPE_ABSPOS)
 Add an element. More...
 
void addSpeciesAlias (const string &name, const string &alias)
 Add a species alias (that is, a user-defined alternative species name). More...
 
virtual vector< string > findIsomers (const Composition &compMap) const
 Return a vector with isomers names matching a given composition map. More...
 
virtual vector< string > findIsomers (const string &comp) const
 Return a vector with isomers names matching a given composition string. More...
 
shared_ptr< Speciesspecies (const string &name) const
 Return the Species object for the named species. More...
 
shared_ptr< Speciesspecies (size_t k) const
 Return the Species object for species whose index is k. More...
 
void ignoreUndefinedElements ()
 Set behavior when adding a species containing undefined elements to just skip the species. More...
 
void addUndefinedElements ()
 Set behavior when adding a species containing undefined elements to add those elements to the phase. More...
 
void throwUndefinedElements ()
 Set the behavior when adding a species containing undefined elements to throw an exception. More...
 

Protected Member Functions

virtual void getParameters (AnyMap &phaseNode) const
 Store the parameters of a ThermoPhase object such that an identical one could be reconstructed using the newThermo(AnyMap&) function. More...
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from Phase
void assertCompressible (const string &setter) const
 Ensure that phase is compressible. More...
 
void assignDensity (const double density_)
 Set the internally stored constant density (kg/m^3) of the phase. More...
 
void setMolecularWeight (const int k, const double mw)
 Set the molecular weight of a single species to a given value. More...
 
virtual void compositionChanged ()
 Apply changes to the state which are needed after the composition changes. More...
 

Protected Attributes

MultiSpeciesThermo m_spthermo
 Pointer to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties. More...
 
AnyMap m_input
 Data supplied via setParameters. More...
 
double m_phi = 0.0
 Stored value of the electric potential for this phase. Units are Volts. More...
 
bool m_chargeNeutralityNecessary = false
 Boolean indicating whether a charge neutrality condition is a necessity. More...
 
int m_ssConvention = cSS_CONVENTION_TEMPERATURE
 Contains the standard state convention. More...
 
double m_tlast = 0.0
 last value of the temperature processed by reference state More...
 
- Protected Attributes inherited from Phase
ValueCache m_cache
 Cached for saved calculations within each ThermoPhase. More...
 
size_t m_kk = 0
 Number of species in the phase. More...
 
size_t m_ndim = 3
 Dimensionality of the phase. More...
 
vector< double > m_speciesComp
 Atomic composition of the species. More...
 
vector< double > m_speciesCharge
 Vector of species charges. length m_kk. More...
 
map< string, shared_ptr< Species > > m_species
 
UndefElement::behavior m_undefinedElementBehavior = UndefElement::add
 Flag determining behavior when adding species with an undefined element. More...
 
bool m_caseSensitiveSpecies = false
 Flag determining whether case sensitive species names are enforced. More...
 

Private Member Functions

void setState_HPorUV (double h, double p, double tol=1e-9, bool doUV=false)
 Carry out work in HP and UV calculations. More...
 
void setState_SPorSV (double s, double p, double tol=1e-9, bool doSV=false)
 Carry out work in SP and SV calculations. More...
 
void setState_conditional_TP (double t, double p, bool set_p)
 Helper function used by setState_HPorUV and setState_SPorSV. More...
 
double o2Required (const double *y) const
 Helper function for computing the amount of oxygen required for complete oxidation. More...
 
double o2Present (const double *y) const
 Helper function for computing the amount of oxygen available in the current mixture. More...
 

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ ThermoPhase()

ThermoPhase ( )
default

Constructor.

Note that ThermoPhase is meant to be used as a base class, so this constructor should not be called explicitly.

Member Function Documentation

◆ type()

string type ( ) const
inlineoverridevirtual

String indicating the thermodynamic model implemented.

Usually corresponds to the name of the derived class, less any suffixes such as "Phase", TP", "VPSS", etc.

Since
Starting in Cantera 3.0, the name returned by this method corresponds to the canonical name used in the YAML input format.

Reimplemented from Phase.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP.

Definition at line 399 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ isIdeal()

virtual bool isIdeal ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Boolean indicating whether phase is ideal.

Reimplemented in IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 404 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ phaseOfMatter()

virtual string phaseOfMatter ( ) const
inlinevirtual

String indicating the mechanical phase of the matter in this Phase.

Options for the string are:

  • unspecified
  • supercritical
  • gas
  • liquid
  • solid
  • solid-liquid-mix
  • solid-gas-mix
  • liquid-gas-mix
  • solid-liquid-gas-mix

unspecified is the default and should be used when the Phase does not distinguish between mechanical phases or does not have enough information to determine which mechanical phase(s) are present.

Todo:
Needs to be implemented for all phase types. Currently only implemented for PureFluidPhase.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, PureFluidPhase, MolalityVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 428 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ refPressure()

virtual double refPressure ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the reference pressure in Pa.

This function is a wrapper that calls the species thermo refPressure function.

Reimplemented in LatticeSolidPhase.

Definition at line 436 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ minTemp()

virtual double minTemp ( size_t  k = npos) const
inlinevirtual

Minimum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species or phase are valid.

If no argument is supplied, the value returned will be the lowest temperature at which the data for all species are valid. Otherwise, the value will be only for species k. This function is a wrapper that calls the species thermo minTemp function.

Parameters
kindex of the species. Default is -1, which will return the max of the min value over all species.

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP, PureFluidPhase, and LatticeSolidPhase.

Definition at line 451 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ Hf298SS()

double Hf298SS ( const size_t  k) const
inline

Report the 298 K Heat of Formation of the standard state of one species (J kmol-1)

The 298K Heat of Formation is defined as the enthalpy change to create the standard state of the species from its constituent elements in their standard states at 298 K and 1 bar.

Parameters
kspecies index
Returns
the current value of the Heat of Formation at 298K and 1 bar

Definition at line 466 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ modifyOneHf298SS()

virtual void modifyOneHf298SS ( const size_t  k,
const double  Hf298New 
)
inlinevirtual

Modify the value of the 298 K Heat of Formation of one species in the phase (J kmol-1)

The 298K heat of formation is defined as the enthalpy change to create the standard state of the species from its constituent elements in their standard states at 298 K and 1 bar.

Parameters
kSpecies k
Hf298NewSpecify the new value of the Heat of Formation at 298K and 1 bar

Reimplemented in LatticeSolidPhase.

Definition at line 481 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ resetHf298()

void resetHf298 ( const size_t  k = npos)
virtual

Restore the original heat of formation of one or more species.

Resets changes made by modifyOneHf298SS(). If the species index is not specified, the heats of formation for all species are restored.

Reimplemented in LatticeSolidPhase.

Definition at line 28 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ maxTemp()

virtual double maxTemp ( size_t  k = npos) const
inlinevirtual

Maximum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species are valid.

If no argument is supplied, the value returned will be the highest temperature at which the data for all species are valid. Otherwise, the value will be only for species k. This function is a wrapper that calls the species thermo maxTemp function.

Parameters
kindex of the species. Default is -1, which will return the min of the max value over all species.

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP, PureFluidPhase, and LatticeSolidPhase.

Definition at line 504 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ chargeNeutralityNecessary()

bool chargeNeutralityNecessary ( ) const
inline

Returns the chargeNeutralityNecessity boolean.

Some phases must have zero net charge in order for their thermodynamics functions to be valid. If this is so, then the value returned from this function is true. If this is not the case, then this is false. Now, ideal gases have this parameter set to false, while solution with molality- based activity coefficients have this parameter set to true.

Definition at line 516 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ enthalpy_mole()

◆ intEnergy_mole()

virtual double intEnergy_mole ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Molar internal energy. Units: J/kmol.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, MetalPhase, LatticeSolidPhase, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 530 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ entropy_mole()

◆ gibbs_mole()

virtual double gibbs_mole ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Molar Gibbs function. Units: J/kmol.

Reimplemented in SingleSpeciesTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, MetalPhase, LatticeSolidPhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, HMWSoln, and DebyeHuckel.

Definition at line 540 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ cp_mole()

virtual double cp_mole ( ) const
inlinevirtual

◆ cv_mole()

virtual double cv_mole ( ) const
inlinevirtual

◆ isothermalCompressibility()

virtual double isothermalCompressibility ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the isothermal compressibility. Units: 1/Pa.

The isothermal compressibility is defined as

\[ \kappa_T = -\frac{1}{v}\left(\frac{\partial v}{\partial P}\right)_T \]

or

\[ \kappa_T = \frac{1}{\rho}\left(\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial P}\right)_T \]

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, StoichSubstance, RedlichKwongMFTP, PureFluidPhase, PengRobinson, IdealMolalSoln, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 569 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ thermalExpansionCoeff()

virtual double thermalExpansionCoeff ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Return the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient. Units: 1/K.

The thermal expansion coefficient is defined as

\[ \beta = \frac{1}{v}\left(\frac{\partial v}{\partial T}\right)_P \]

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, StoichSubstance, RedlichKwongMFTP, PureFluidPhase, PengRobinson, IdealMolalSoln, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 580 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ soundSpeed()

virtual double soundSpeed ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Return the speed of sound. Units: m/s.

The speed of sound is defined as

\[ c = \sqrt{\left(\frac{\partial P}{\partial\rho}\right)_s} \]

Reimplemented in RedlichKwongMFTP, PengRobinson, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 591 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setElectricPotential()

void setElectricPotential ( double  v)
inline

Set the electric potential of this phase (V).

This is used by classes InterfaceKinetics and EdgeKinetics to compute the rates of charge-transfer reactions, and in computing the electrochemical potentials of the species.

Each phase may have its own electric potential.

Parameters
vInput value of the electric potential in Volts

Definition at line 612 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ electricPotential()

double electricPotential ( ) const
inline

Returns the electric potential of this phase (V).

Units are Volts (which are Joules/coulomb)

Definition at line 621 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ activityConvention()

int activityConvention ( ) const
virtual

This method returns the convention used in specification of the activities, of which there are currently two, molar- and molality-based conventions.

Currently, there are two activity conventions:

  • Molar-based activities Unit activity of species at either a hypothetical pure solution of the species or at a hypothetical pure ideal solution at infinite dilution cAC_CONVENTION_MOLAR 0
    • default
  • Molality-based activities (unit activity of solutes at a hypothetical 1 molal solution referenced to infinite dilution at all pressures and temperatures). cAC_CONVENTION_MOLALITY 1

Reimplemented in MolalityVPSSTP.

Definition at line 39 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ standardStateConvention()

int standardStateConvention ( ) const
virtual

This method returns the convention used in specification of the standard state, of which there are currently two, temperature based, and variable pressure based.

Currently, there are two standard state conventions:

  • Temperature-based activities cSS_CONVENTION_TEMPERATURE 0
    • default
  • Variable Pressure and Temperature -based activities cSS_CONVENTION_VPSS 1
  • Thermodynamics is set via slave ThermoPhase objects with nothing being carried out at this ThermoPhase object level cSS_CONVENTION_SLAVE 2

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP, MixtureFugacityTP, and LatticeSolidPhase.

Definition at line 44 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ standardConcentrationUnits()

Units standardConcentrationUnits ( ) const
virtual

Returns the units of the "standard concentration" for this phase.

These are the units of the values returned by the functions getActivityConcentrations() and standardConcentration(), which can vary between different ThermoPhase-derived classes, or change within a single class depending on input options. See the documentation for standardConcentration() for the derived class for specific details.

Reimplemented in StoichSubstance, PureFluidPhase, MetalPhase, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, and GibbsExcessVPSSTP.

Definition at line 49 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getActivityConcentrations()

virtual void getActivityConcentrations ( double *  c) const
inlinevirtual

This method returns an array of generalized concentrations.

\( C^a_k \) are defined such that \( a_k = C^a_k / C^0_k, \) where \( C^0_k \) is a standard concentration defined below and \( a_k \) are activities used in the thermodynamic functions. These activity (or generalized) concentrations are used by kinetics manager classes to compute the forward and reverse rates of elementary reactions. Note that they may or may not have units of concentration — they might be partial pressures, mole fractions, or surface coverages, for example.

Parameters
cOutput array of generalized concentrations. The units depend upon the implementation of the reaction rate expressions within the phase.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, PureFluidPhase, MolalityVPSSTP, MixtureFugacityTP, MetalPhase, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, IdealGasPhase, HMWSoln, GibbsExcessVPSSTP, and DebyeHuckel.

Definition at line 697 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ standardConcentration()

virtual double standardConcentration ( size_t  k = 0) const
inlinevirtual

Return the standard concentration for the kth species.

The standard concentration \( C^0_k \) used to normalize the activity (that is, generalized) concentration. In many cases, this quantity will be the same for all species in a phase - for example, for an ideal gas \( C^0_k = P/\hat R T \). For this reason, this method returns a single value, instead of an array. However, for phases in which the standard concentration is species-specific (such as surface species of different sizes), this method may be called with an optional parameter indicating the species.

Parameters
kOptional parameter indicating the species. The default is to assume this refers to species 0.
Returns
Returns the standard concentration. The units are by definition dependent on the ThermoPhase and kinetics manager representation.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, RedlichKwongMFTP, PureFluidPhase, PengRobinson, MolalityVPSSTP, MetalPhase, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealMolalSoln, IdealGasPhase, HMWSoln, GibbsExcessVPSSTP, DebyeHuckel, and IdealSolidSolnPhase.

Definition at line 718 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ logStandardConc()

double logStandardConc ( size_t  k = 0) const
virtual

Natural logarithm of the standard concentration of the kth species.

Parameters
kindex of the species (defaults to zero)

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, MetalPhase, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, and GibbsExcessVPSSTP.

Definition at line 55 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getActivities()

void getActivities ( double *  a) const
virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional activities at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

Note, for molality based formulations, this returns the molality based activities.

We resolve this function at this level by calling on the activityConcentration function. However, derived classes may want to override this default implementation.

Parameters
aOutput vector of activities. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in MolalityVPSSTP, IdealMolalSoln, HMWSoln, GibbsExcessVPSSTP, DebyeHuckel, SingleSpeciesTP, and PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 60 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getActivityCoefficients()

virtual void getActivityCoefficients ( double *  ac) const
inlinevirtual

Get the array of non-dimensional molar-based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

Parameters
acOutput vector of activity coefficients. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in SingleSpeciesTP, RedlichKwongMFTP, PengRobinson, MolalityVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and GibbsExcessVPSSTP.

Definition at line 747 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getLnActivityCoefficients()

void getLnActivityCoefficients ( double *  lnac) const
virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional molar-based ln activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

Parameters
lnacOutput vector of ln activity coefficients. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in RedlichKisterVPSSTP, and MargulesVPSSTP.

Definition at line 68 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getChemPotentials()

virtual void getChemPotentials ( double *  mu) const
inlinevirtual

Get the species chemical potentials. Units: J/kmol.

This function returns a vector of chemical potentials of the species in solution at the current temperature, pressure and mole fraction of the solution.

Parameters
muOutput vector of species chemical potentials. Length: m_kk. Units: J/kmol

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, RedlichKwongMFTP, RedlichKisterVPSSTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, PengRobinson, MetalPhase, MargulesVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, IdealGasPhase, HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 775 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getElectrochemPotentials()

void getElectrochemPotentials ( double *  mu) const

Get the species electrochemical potentials.

These are partial molar quantities. This method adds a term \( F z_k \phi_p \) to each chemical potential. The electrochemical potential of species k in a phase p, \( \zeta_k \), is related to the chemical potential via the following equation,

\[ \zeta_{k}(T,P) = \mu_{k}(T,P) + F z_k \phi_p \]

Parameters
muOutput vector of species electrochemical potentials. Length: m_kk. Units: J/kmol

Definition at line 76 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getPartialMolarEnthalpies()

virtual void getPartialMolarEnthalpies ( double *  hbar) const
inlinevirtual

Returns an array of partial molar enthalpies for the species in the mixture.

Units (J/kmol)

Parameters
hbarOutput vector of species partial molar enthalpies. Length: m_kk. units are J/kmol.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, RedlichKwongMFTP, RedlichKisterVPSSTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, PengRobinson, MargulesVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, IdealGasPhase, HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, CoverageDependentSurfPhase, and MetalPhase.

Definition at line 801 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getPartialMolarEntropies()

virtual void getPartialMolarEntropies ( double *  sbar) const
inlinevirtual

Returns an array of partial molar entropies of the species in the solution.

Units: J/kmol/K.

Parameters
sbarOutput vector of species partial molar entropies. Length = m_kk. units are J/kmol/K.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, RedlichKwongMFTP, RedlichKisterVPSSTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, PengRobinson, MargulesVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, IdealGasPhase, HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 811 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getPartialMolarIntEnergies()

virtual void getPartialMolarIntEnergies ( double *  ubar) const
inlinevirtual

Return an array of partial molar internal energies for the species in the mixture.

Units: J/kmol.

Parameters
ubarOutput vector of species partial molar internal energies. Length = m_kk. units are J/kmol.

Reimplemented in SingleSpeciesTP, RedlichKwongMFTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, PengRobinson, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealGasPhase, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 821 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getPartialMolarCp()

virtual void getPartialMolarCp ( double *  cpbar) const
inlinevirtual

Return an array of partial molar heat capacities for the species in the mixture.

Units: J/kmol/K

Parameters
cpbarOutput vector of species partial molar heat capacities at constant pressure. Length = m_kk. units are J/kmol/K.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, RedlichKwongMFTP, RedlichKisterVPSSTP, PureFluidPhase, PengRobinson, MargulesVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, IdealGasPhase, HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 832 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getPartialMolarVolumes()

virtual void getPartialMolarVolumes ( double *  vbar) const
inlinevirtual

Return an array of partial molar volumes for the species in the mixture.

Units: m^3/kmol.

Parameters
vbarOutput vector of species partial molar volumes. Length = m_kk. units are m^3/kmol.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, RedlichKwongMFTP, RedlichKisterVPSSTP, PureFluidPhase, PengRobinson, MargulesVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, IdealGasPhase, HMWSoln, GibbsExcessVPSSTP, DebyeHuckel, and BinarySolutionTabulatedThermo.

Definition at line 842 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getStandardChemPotentials()

virtual void getStandardChemPotentials ( double *  mu) const
inlinevirtual

Get the array of chemical potentials at unit activity for the species at their standard states at the current T and P of the solution.

These are the standard state chemical potentials \( \mu^0_k(T,P) \). The values are evaluated at the current temperature and pressure of the solution

Parameters
muOutput vector of chemical potentials. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in PlasmaPhase, SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, MetalPhase, LatticeSolidPhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, CoverageDependentSurfPhase, VPStandardStateTP, PureFluidPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, LatticePhase, IdealGasPhase, and WaterSSTP.

Definition at line 860 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getEnthalpy_RT()

virtual void getEnthalpy_RT ( double *  hrt) const
inlinevirtual

Get the nondimensional Enthalpy functions for the species at their standard states at the current T and P of the solution.

Parameters
hrtOutput vector of nondimensional standard state enthalpies. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, PureFluidPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, MetalPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 870 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getEntropy_R()

virtual void getEntropy_R ( double *  sr) const
inlinevirtual

Get the array of nondimensional Entropy functions for the standard state species at the current T and P of the solution.

Parameters
srOutput vector of nondimensional standard state entropies. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, MetalPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 880 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getGibbs_RT()

virtual void getGibbs_RT ( double *  grt) const
inlinevirtual

Get the nondimensional Gibbs functions for the species in their standard states at the current T and P of the solution.

Parameters
grtOutput vector of nondimensional standard state Gibbs free energies. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 890 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getPureGibbs()

virtual void getPureGibbs ( double *  gpure) const
inlinevirtual

Get the Gibbs functions for the standard state of the species at the current T and P of the solution.

Units are Joules/kmol

Parameters
gpureOutput vector of standard state Gibbs free energies. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP, SingleSpeciesTP, MixtureFugacityTP, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, SurfPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 901 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getIntEnergy_RT()

virtual void getIntEnergy_RT ( double *  urt) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the vector of nondimensional Internal Energies of the standard state species at the current T and P of the solution.

Parameters
urtoutput vector of nondimensional standard state internal energies of the species. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, StoichSubstance, MixtureFugacityTP, IdealSolidSolnPhase, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 911 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getCp_R()

virtual void getCp_R ( double *  cpr) const
inlinevirtual

Get the nondimensional Heat Capacities at constant pressure for the species standard states at the current T and P of the solution.

Parameters
cprOutput vector of nondimensional standard state heat capacities. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, MixtureFugacityTP, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 922 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getStandardVolumes()

virtual void getStandardVolumes ( double *  vol) const
inlinevirtual

Get the molar volumes of the species standard states at the current T and P of the solution.

units = m^3 / kmol

Parameters
volOutput vector containing the standard state volumes. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and SingleSpeciesTP.

Definition at line 934 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getEnthalpy_RT_ref()

virtual void getEnthalpy_RT_ref ( double *  hrt) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the vector of nondimensional enthalpies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species.

Parameters
hrtOutput vector containing the nondimensional reference state enthalpies. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, PureFluidPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 949 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getGibbs_RT_ref()

virtual void getGibbs_RT_ref ( double *  grt) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the vector of nondimensional Gibbs Free Energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species.

Parameters
grtOutput vector containing the nondimensional reference state Gibbs Free energies. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, PureFluidPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 960 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getGibbs_ref()

virtual void getGibbs_ref ( double *  g) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the vector of the Gibbs function of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species.

Parameters
gOutput vector containing the reference state Gibbs Free energies. Length: m_kk. Units: J/kmol.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SingleSpeciesTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 971 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getEntropy_R_ref()

virtual void getEntropy_R_ref ( double *  er) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the vector of nondimensional entropies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for each species.

Parameters
erOutput vector containing the nondimensional reference state entropies. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in CoverageDependentSurfPhase, WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, PureFluidPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, IdealSolidSolnPhase, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 982 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getIntEnergy_RT_ref()

virtual void getIntEnergy_RT_ref ( double *  urt) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the vector of nondimensional internal Energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for each species.

Parameters
urtOutput vector of nondimensional reference state internal energies of the species. Length: m_kk

Reimplemented in StoichSubstance, IdealSolidSolnPhase, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 993 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getCp_R_ref()

virtual void getCp_R_ref ( double *  cprt) const
inlinevirtual

Returns the vector of nondimensional constant pressure heat capacities of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and reference pressure for each species.

Parameters
cprtOutput vector of nondimensional reference state heat capacities at constant pressure for the species. Length: m_kk

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, SingleSpeciesTP, MixtureFugacityTP, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealGasPhase, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 1005 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getStandardVolumes_ref()

virtual void getStandardVolumes_ref ( double *  vol) const
inlinevirtual

Get the molar volumes of the species reference states at the current T and P_ref of the solution.

units = m^3 / kmol

Parameters
volOutput vector containing the standard state volumes. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, PlasmaPhase, MixtureFugacityTP, and IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 1017 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ enthalpy_mass()

double enthalpy_mass ( ) const
inline

Specific enthalpy. Units: J/kg.

Definition at line 1028 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ intEnergy_mass()

double intEnergy_mass ( ) const
inline

Specific internal energy. Units: J/kg.

Definition at line 1033 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ entropy_mass()

double entropy_mass ( ) const
inline

Specific entropy. Units: J/kg/K.

Definition at line 1038 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ gibbs_mass()

double gibbs_mass ( ) const
inline

Specific Gibbs function. Units: J/kg.

Definition at line 1043 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ cp_mass()

double cp_mass ( ) const
inline

Specific heat at constant pressure. Units: J/kg/K.

Definition at line 1048 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ cv_mass()

double cv_mass ( ) const
inline

Specific heat at constant volume. Units: J/kg/K.

Definition at line 1053 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ RT()

double RT ( ) const
inline

Return the Gas Constant multiplied by the current temperature.

The units are Joules kmol-1

Definition at line 1062 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_TPX() [1/3]

void setState_TPX ( double  t,
double  p,
const double *  x 
)
virtual

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions.

Note, the mole fractions are set first before the pressure is set. Setting the pressure may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation.

Parameters
tTemperature (K)
pPressure (Pa)
xVector of mole fractions. Length is equal to m_kk.

Definition at line 85 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_TPX() [2/3]

void setState_TPX ( double  t,
double  p,
const Composition x 
)
virtual

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions.

Note, the mole fractions are set first before the pressure is set. Setting the pressure may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation.

Parameters
tTemperature (K)
pPressure (Pa)
xComposition map of mole fractions. Species not in the composition map are assumed to have zero mole fraction

Definition at line 91 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_TPX() [3/3]

void setState_TPX ( double  t,
double  p,
const string &  x 
)
virtual

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions.

Note, the mole fractions are set first before the pressure is set. Setting the pressure may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation.

Parameters
tTemperature (K)
pPressure (Pa)
xString containing a composition map of the mole fractions. Species not in the composition map are assumed to have zero mole fraction

Definition at line 97 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_TPY() [1/3]

void setState_TPY ( double  t,
double  p,
const double *  y 
)
virtual

Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase.

Note, the mass fractions are set first before the pressure is set. Setting the pressure may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation.

Parameters
tTemperature (K)
pPressure (Pa)
yVector of mass fractions. Length is equal to m_kk.

Definition at line 103 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_TPY() [2/3]

void setState_TPY ( double  t,
double  p,
const Composition y 
)
virtual

Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase.

Note, the mass fractions are set first before the pressure is set. Setting the pressure may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation.

Parameters
tTemperature (K)
pPressure (Pa)
yComposition map of mass fractions. Species not in the composition map are assumed to have zero mass fraction

Definition at line 109 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_TPY() [3/3]

void setState_TPY ( double  t,
double  p,
const string &  y 
)
virtual

Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase.

Note, the mass fractions are set first before the pressure is set. Setting the pressure may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation.

Parameters
tTemperature (K)
pPressure (Pa)
yString containing a composition map of the mass fractions. Species not in the composition map are assumed to have zero mass fraction

Definition at line 115 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_TP()

void setState_TP ( double  t,
double  p 
)
virtual

Set the temperature (K) and pressure (Pa)

Setting the pressure may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation.

Parameters
tTemperature (K)
pPressure (Pa)

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP.

Definition at line 121 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_HP()

void setState_HP ( double  h,
double  p,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
virtual

Set the internally stored specific enthalpy (J/kg) and pressure (Pa) of the phase.

Parameters
hSpecific enthalpy (J/kg)
pPressure (Pa)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in SingleSpeciesTP, and PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 134 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_UV()

void setState_UV ( double  u,
double  v,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
virtual

Set the specific internal energy (J/kg) and specific volume (m^3/kg).

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the specific internal energy and specific volume have the value of the input parameters.

Parameters
uspecific internal energy (J/kg)
vspecific volume (m^3/kg).
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in SingleSpeciesTP, and PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 139 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_SP()

void setState_SP ( double  s,
double  p,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
virtual

Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and pressure (Pa).

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the specific entropy and the pressure have the value of the input parameters.

Parameters
sspecific entropy (J/kg/K)
pspecific pressure (Pa).
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in SingleSpeciesTP, and PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 453 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_SV()

void setState_SV ( double  s,
double  v,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
virtual

Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and specific volume (m^3/kg).

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the specific entropy and specific volume have the value of the input parameters.

Parameters
sspecific entropy (J/kg/K)
vspecific volume (m^3/kg).
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in SingleSpeciesTP, and PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 458 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_ST()

virtual void setState_ST ( double  s,
double  t,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and temperature (K).

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the specific entropy and temperature have the value of the input parameters. This base class function will throw an exception if not overridden.

Parameters
sspecific entropy (J/kg/K)
ttemperature (K)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1221 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_TV()

virtual void setState_TV ( double  t,
double  v,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the temperature (K) and specific volume (m^3/kg).

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the temperature and specific volume have the value of the input parameters. This base class function will throw an exception if not overridden.

Parameters
ttemperature (K)
vspecific volume (m^3/kg)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1237 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_PV()

virtual void setState_PV ( double  p,
double  v,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the pressure (Pa) and specific volume (m^3/kg).

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the pressure and specific volume have the value of the input parameters. This base class function will throw an exception if not overridden.

Parameters
ppressure (Pa)
vspecific volume (m^3/kg)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1253 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_UP()

virtual void setState_UP ( double  u,
double  p,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the specific internal energy (J/kg) and pressure (Pa).

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the specific internal energy and pressure have the value of the input parameters. This base class function will throw an exception if not overridden.

Parameters
uspecific internal energy (J/kg)
ppressure (Pa)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1269 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_VH()

virtual void setState_VH ( double  v,
double  h,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the specific volume (m^3/kg) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg)

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the specific volume and the specific enthalpy have the value of the input parameters. This base class function will throw an exception if not overridden.

Parameters
vspecific volume (m^3/kg)
hspecific enthalpy (J/kg)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1285 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_TH()

virtual void setState_TH ( double  t,
double  h,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the temperature (K) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg)

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the temperature and specific enthalpy have the value of the input parameters. This base class function will throw an exception if not overridden.

Parameters
ttemperature (K)
hspecific enthalpy (J/kg)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1301 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_SH()

virtual void setState_SH ( double  s,
double  h,
double  tol = 1e-9 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg)

This function fixes the internal state of the phase so that the temperature and pressure have the value of the input parameters. This base class function will throw an exception if not overridden.

Parameters
sspecific entropy (J/kg/K)
hspecific enthalpy (J/kg)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1317 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_DP()

virtual void setState_DP ( double  rho,
double  p 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the density (kg/m**3) and pressure (Pa) at constant composition.

This method must be reimplemented in derived classes, where it may involve the solution of a nonlinear equation. Within Cantera, the independent variable is the density. Therefore, this function solves for the temperature that will yield the desired input pressure and density. The composition is held constant during this process.

This base class function will print an error, if not overridden.

Parameters
rhoDensity (kg/m^3)
pPressure (Pa)
Since
New in Cantera 3.0.

Reimplemented in IdealGasPhase.

Definition at line 1335 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState()

void setState ( const AnyMap state)
virtual

Set the state using an AnyMap containing any combination of properties supported by the thermodynamic model.

Accepted keys are:

  • X (mole fractions)
  • Y (mass fractions)
  • T or temperature
  • P or pressure [Pa]
  • H or enthalpy [J/kg]
  • U or internal-energy [J/kg]
  • S or entropy [J/kg/K]
  • V or specific-volume [m^3/kg]
  • D or density [kg/m^3]

Composition can be specified as either an AnyMap of species names to values or as a composition string. All other values can be given as floating point values in Cantera's default units, or as strings with the units specified, which will be converted using the Units class.

If no thermodynamic property pair is given, or only one of temperature or pressure is given, then 298.15 K and 101325 Pa will be used as necessary to fully set the state.

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, and MolalityVPSSTP.

Definition at line 145 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setMixtureFraction() [1/3]

void setMixtureFraction ( double  mixFrac,
const double *  fuelComp,
const double *  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
)

Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel)

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Pressure and temperature are kept constant. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation.

Parameters
mixFracmixture fraction (between 0 and 1)
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::molar or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)

Definition at line 858 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setMixtureFraction() [2/3]

void setMixtureFraction ( double  mixFrac,
const string &  fuelComp,
const string &  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
)

Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel)

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Pressure and temperature are kept constant. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation.

Parameters
mixFracmixture fraction (between 0 and 1)
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::molar or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)

Definition at line 849 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setMixtureFraction() [3/3]

void setMixtureFraction ( double  mixFrac,
const Composition fuelComp,
const Composition oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
)

Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel)

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Pressure and temperature are kept constant. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation.

Parameters
mixFracmixture fraction (between 0 and 1)
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::molar or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)

Definition at line 841 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ mixtureFraction() [1/3]

double mixtureFraction ( const double *  fuelComp,
const double *  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar,
const string &  element = "Bilger" 
) const

Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. The mixture fraction \( Z \) can be computed from a single element

\[ Z_m = \frac{Z_{\mathrm{mass},m}-Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}}} {Z_{\mathrm{mass},\mathrm{fuel}}-Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}}} \]

where \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m} \) is the elemental mass fraction of element m in the mixture, and \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}} \) and \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{fuel}} \) are the elemental mass fractions of the oxidizer and fuel, or from the Bilger mixture fraction, which considers the elements C, S, H and O [1]

\[ Z_{\mathrm{Bilger}} = \frac{\beta-\beta_{\mathrm{ox}}} {\beta_{\mathrm{fuel}}-\beta_{\mathrm{ox}}} \]

with \( \beta = 2\frac{Z_C}{M_C}+2\frac{Z_S}{M_S}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{Z_H}{M_H} -\frac{Z_O}{M_O} \) and \( M_m \) the atomic weight of element \( m \).

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoBasis::molar or ThermoBasis::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
elementeither "Bilger" to compute the mixture fraction in terms of the Bilger mixture fraction, or an element name, to compute the mixture fraction based on a single element (default: "Bilger")
Returns
mixture fraction (kg fuel / kg mixture)

Definition at line 915 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ mixtureFraction() [2/3]

double mixtureFraction ( const string &  fuelComp,
const string &  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar,
const string &  element = "Bilger" 
) const

Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. The mixture fraction \( Z \) can be computed from a single element

\[ Z_m = \frac{Z_{\mathrm{mass},m}-Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}}} {Z_{\mathrm{mass},\mathrm{fuel}}-Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}}} \]

where \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m} \) is the elemental mass fraction of element m in the mixture, and \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}} \) and \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{fuel}} \) are the elemental mass fractions of the oxidizer and fuel, or from the Bilger mixture fraction, which considers the elements C, S, H and O [1]

\[ Z_{\mathrm{Bilger}} = \frac{\beta-\beta_{\mathrm{ox}}} {\beta_{\mathrm{fuel}}-\beta_{\mathrm{ox}}} \]

with \( \beta = 2\frac{Z_C}{M_C}+2\frac{Z_S}{M_S}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{Z_H}{M_H} -\frac{Z_O}{M_O} \) and \( M_m \) the atomic weight of element \( m \).

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoBasis::molar or ThermoBasis::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
elementeither "Bilger" to compute the mixture fraction in terms of the Bilger mixture fraction, or an element name, to compute the mixture fraction based on a single element (default: "Bilger")
Returns
mixture fraction (kg fuel / kg mixture)

Definition at line 906 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ mixtureFraction() [3/3]

double mixtureFraction ( const Composition fuelComp,
const Composition oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar,
const string &  element = "Bilger" 
) const

Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. The mixture fraction \( Z \) can be computed from a single element

\[ Z_m = \frac{Z_{\mathrm{mass},m}-Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}}} {Z_{\mathrm{mass},\mathrm{fuel}}-Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}}} \]

where \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m} \) is the elemental mass fraction of element m in the mixture, and \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{ox}} \) and \( Z_{\mathrm{mass},m,\mathrm{fuel}} \) are the elemental mass fractions of the oxidizer and fuel, or from the Bilger mixture fraction, which considers the elements C, S, H and O [1]

\[ Z_{\mathrm{Bilger}} = \frac{\beta-\beta_{\mathrm{ox}}} {\beta_{\mathrm{fuel}}-\beta_{\mathrm{ox}}} \]

with \( \beta = 2\frac{Z_C}{M_C}+2\frac{Z_S}{M_S}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{Z_H}{M_H} -\frac{Z_O}{M_O} \) and \( M_m \) the atomic weight of element \( m \).

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoBasis::molar or ThermoBasis::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
elementeither "Bilger" to compute the mixture fraction in terms of the Bilger mixture fraction, or an element name, to compute the mixture fraction based on a single element (default: "Bilger")
Returns
mixture fraction (kg fuel / kg mixture)

Definition at line 896 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setEquivalenceRatio() [1/3]

void setEquivalenceRatio ( double  phi,
const double *  fuelComp,
const double *  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
)

Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Pressure and temperature are kept constant. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation.

Parameters
phiequivalence ratio
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoBasis::mole or ThermoBasis::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)

Definition at line 731 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setEquivalenceRatio() [2/3]

void setEquivalenceRatio ( double  phi,
const string &  fuelComp,
const string &  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
)

Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Pressure and temperature are kept constant. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation.

Parameters
phiequivalence ratio
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoBasis::mole or ThermoBasis::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)

Definition at line 765 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setEquivalenceRatio() [3/3]

void setEquivalenceRatio ( double  phi,
const Composition fuelComp,
const Composition oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
)

Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Pressure and temperature are kept constant. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation.

Parameters
phiequivalence ratio
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoBasis::mole or ThermoBasis::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)

Definition at line 774 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ equivalenceRatio() [1/4]

double equivalenceRatio ( const double *  fuelComp,
const double *  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
) const

Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer.

The equivalence ratio \( \phi \) is computed from

\[ \phi = \frac{Z}{1-Z}\frac{1-Z_{\mathrm{st}}}{Z_{\mathrm{st}}} \]

where \( Z \) is the Bilger mixture fraction [1] of the mixture given the specified fuel and oxidizer compositions \( Z_{\mathrm{st}} \) is the mixture fraction at stoichiometric conditions. Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation. If fuel and oxidizer composition are unknown or not specified, use the version that takes no arguments.

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::mole or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
Returns
equivalence ratio
See also
mixtureFraction for the definition of the Bilger mixture fraction
equivalenceRatio() for the computation of \( \phi \) without arguments

Definition at line 812 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ equivalenceRatio() [2/4]

double equivalenceRatio ( const string &  fuelComp,
const string &  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
) const

Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer.

The equivalence ratio \( \phi \) is computed from

\[ \phi = \frac{Z}{1-Z}\frac{1-Z_{\mathrm{st}}}{Z_{\mathrm{st}}} \]

where \( Z \) is the Bilger mixture fraction [1] of the mixture given the specified fuel and oxidizer compositions \( Z_{\mathrm{st}} \) is the mixture fraction at stoichiometric conditions. Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation. If fuel and oxidizer composition are unknown or not specified, use the version that takes no arguments.

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::mole or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
Returns
equivalence ratio
See also
mixtureFraction for the definition of the Bilger mixture fraction
equivalenceRatio() for the computation of \( \phi \) without arguments

Definition at line 803 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ equivalenceRatio() [3/4]

double equivalenceRatio ( const Composition fuelComp,
const Composition oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
) const

Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer.

The equivalence ratio \( \phi \) is computed from

\[ \phi = \frac{Z}{1-Z}\frac{1-Z_{\mathrm{st}}}{Z_{\mathrm{st}}} \]

where \( Z \) is the Bilger mixture fraction [1] of the mixture given the specified fuel and oxidizer compositions \( Z_{\mathrm{st}} \) is the mixture fraction at stoichiometric conditions. Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation. If fuel and oxidizer composition are unknown or not specified, use the version that takes no arguments.

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::mole or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
Returns
equivalence ratio
See also
mixtureFraction for the definition of the Bilger mixture fraction
equivalenceRatio() for the computation of \( \phi \) without arguments

Definition at line 794 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ equivalenceRatio() [4/4]

double equivalenceRatio ( ) const

Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture from available oxygen and required oxygen.

Computes the equivalence ratio \( \phi \) from

\[ \phi = \frac{Z_{\mathrm{mole},C} + Z_{\mathrm{mole},S} + \frac{1}{4}Z_{\mathrm{mole},H}} {\frac{1}{2}Z_{\mathrm{mole},O}} \]

where \( Z_{\mathrm{mole},m} \) is the elemental mole fraction of element \( m \). In this special case, the equivalence ratio is independent of a fuel or oxidizer composition because it only considers the locally available oxygen compared to the required oxygen for complete oxidation. It is the same as assuming that the oxidizer only contains O (and inert elements) and the fuel contains only H, C and S (and inert elements). If either of these conditions is not met, use the version of this functions which takes the fuel and oxidizer compositions as input

Returns
equivalence ratio
See also
equivalenceRatio compute the equivalence ratio from specific fuel and oxidizer compositions

Definition at line 782 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ stoichAirFuelRatio() [1/3]

double stoichAirFuelRatio ( const double *  fuelComp,
const double *  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
) const

Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation. Note that the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio \( \mathit{AFR}_{\mathrm{st}} \) does not depend on the current mixture composition. The current air to fuel ratio can be computed from \( \mathit{AFR} = \mathit{AFR}_{\mathrm{st}}/\phi \) where \( \phi \) is the equivalence ratio of the current mixture

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::mole or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
Returns
Stoichiometric Air to Fuel Ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel)

Definition at line 700 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ stoichAirFuelRatio() [2/3]

double stoichAirFuelRatio ( const string &  fuelComp,
const string &  oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
) const

Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation. Note that the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio \( \mathit{AFR}_{\mathrm{st}} \) does not depend on the current mixture composition. The current air to fuel ratio can be computed from \( \mathit{AFR} = \mathit{AFR}_{\mathrm{st}}/\phi \) where \( \phi \) is the equivalence ratio of the current mixture

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::mole or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
Returns
Stoichiometric Air to Fuel Ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel)

Definition at line 691 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ stoichAirFuelRatio() [3/3]

double stoichAirFuelRatio ( const Composition fuelComp,
const Composition oxComp,
ThermoBasis  basis = ThermoBasis::molar 
) const

Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions.

Fuel and oxidizer compositions are given either as mole fractions or mass fractions (specified by basis) and do not need to be normalized. Elements C, S, H and O are considered for the oxidation. Note that the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio \( \mathit{AFR}_{\mathrm{st}} \) does not depend on the current mixture composition. The current air to fuel ratio can be computed from \( \mathit{AFR} = \mathit{AFR}_{\mathrm{st}}/\phi \) where \( \phi \) is the equivalence ratio of the current mixture

Parameters
fuelCompcomposition of the fuel
oxCompcomposition of the oxidizer
basiseither ThermoPhase::mole or ThermoPhase::mass. Fuel and oxidizer composition are interpreted as mole or mass fractions (default: molar)
Returns
Stoichiometric Air to Fuel Ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel)

Definition at line 682 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_HPorUV()

void setState_HPorUV ( double  h,
double  p,
double  tol = 1e-9,
bool  doUV = false 
)
private

Carry out work in HP and UV calculations.

Parameters
hSpecific enthalpy or internal energy (J/kg)
pPressure (Pa) or specific volume (m^3/kg)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.
doUVTrue if solving for UV, false for HP.

Definition at line 262 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_SPorSV()

void setState_SPorSV ( double  s,
double  p,
double  tol = 1e-9,
bool  doSV = false 
)
private

Carry out work in SP and SV calculations.

Parameters
sSpecific entropy (J/kg)
pPressure (Pa) or specific volume (m^3/kg)
tolOptional parameter setting the tolerance of the calculation. Important for some applications where numerical Jacobians are being calculated.
doSVTrue if solving for SV, false for SP.

Definition at line 464 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setState_conditional_TP()

void setState_conditional_TP ( double  t,
double  p,
bool  set_p 
)
private

Helper function used by setState_HPorUV and setState_SPorSV.

Sets the temperature and (if set_p is true) the pressure.

Definition at line 254 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ o2Required()

double o2Required ( const double *  y) const
private

Helper function for computing the amount of oxygen required for complete oxidation.

Parameters
yarray of (possibly non-normalized) mass fractions (length m_kk)
Returns
amount of required oxygen in kmol O / kg mixture

Definition at line 637 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ o2Present()

double o2Present ( const double *  y) const
private

Helper function for computing the amount of oxygen available in the current mixture.

Parameters
yarray of (possibly non-normalized) mass fractions (length m_kk)
Returns
amount of O in kmol O / kg mixture

Definition at line 666 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ critTemperature()

virtual double critTemperature ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Critical temperature (K).

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, PureFluidPhase, and MixtureFugacityTP.

Definition at line 1673 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ critPressure()

virtual double critPressure ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Critical pressure (Pa).

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, PureFluidPhase, and MixtureFugacityTP.

Definition at line 1678 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ critVolume()

virtual double critVolume ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Critical volume (m3/kmol).

Reimplemented in MixtureFugacityTP.

Definition at line 1683 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ critCompressibility()

virtual double critCompressibility ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Critical compressibility (unitless).

Reimplemented in MixtureFugacityTP.

Definition at line 1688 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ critDensity()

virtual double critDensity ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Critical density (kg/m3).

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, PureFluidPhase, and MixtureFugacityTP.

Definition at line 1693 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ satTemperature()

virtual double satTemperature ( double  p) const
inlinevirtual

Return the saturation temperature given the pressure.

Parameters
pPressure (Pa)

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1708 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ satPressure()

virtual double satPressure ( double  t)
inlinevirtual

Return the saturation pressure given the temperature.

Parameters
tTemperature (Kelvin)

Reimplemented in MixtureFugacityTP, WaterSSTP, PureFluidPhase, and HMWSoln.

Definition at line 1716 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ vaporFraction()

virtual double vaporFraction ( ) const
inlinevirtual

Return the fraction of vapor at the current conditions.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, and PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1721 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_Tsat()

virtual void setState_Tsat ( double  t,
double  x 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the state to a saturated system at a particular temperature.

Parameters
tTemperature (kelvin)
xFraction of vapor

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1730 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_Psat()

virtual void setState_Psat ( double  p,
double  x 
)
inlinevirtual

Set the state to a saturated system at a particular pressure.

Parameters
pPressure (Pa)
xFraction of vapor

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase.

Definition at line 1739 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ setState_TPQ()

void setState_TPQ ( double  T,
double  P,
double  Q 
)

Set the temperature, pressure, and vapor fraction (quality).

An exception is thrown if the thermodynamic state is not consistent.

For temperatures below the critical temperature, if the vapor fraction is not 0 or 1, the pressure and temperature must fall on the saturation line.

Above the critical temperature, the vapor fraction must be 1 if the pressure is less than the critical pressure. Above the critical pressure, the vapor fraction is not defined, and its value is ignored.

Parameters
TTemperature (K)
PPressure (Pa)
Qvapor fraction

Definition at line 1025 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ addSpecies()

bool addSpecies ( shared_ptr< Species spec)
overridevirtual

Add a Species to this Phase.

Returns true if the species was successfully added, or false if the species was ignored.

Derived classes which need to size arrays according to the number of species should overload this method. The derived class implementation should call the base class method, and, if this returns true (indicating that the species has been added), adjust their array sizes accordingly.

See also
ignoreUndefinedElements addUndefinedElements throwUndefinedElements

Reimplemented from Phase.

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP.

Definition at line 1054 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ modifySpecies()

void modifySpecies ( size_t  k,
shared_ptr< Species spec 
)
overridevirtual

Modify the thermodynamic data associated with a species.

The species name, elemental composition, and type of thermo parameterization must be unchanged. If there are Kinetics objects that depend on this phase, Kinetics::invalidateCache() should be called on those objects after calling this function.

Reimplemented from Phase.

Definition at line 1068 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ speciesThermo()

MultiSpeciesThermo & speciesThermo ( int  k = -1)
virtual

Return a changeable reference to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties.

Parameters
kSpecies id. The default is -1, meaning return the default

Definition at line 984 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ initThermoFile()

void initThermoFile ( const string &  inputFile,
const string &  id 
)

Initialize a ThermoPhase object using an input file.

Used to implement constructors for derived classes which take a file name and phase name as arguments.

Parameters
inputFileInput file containing the description of the phase. If blank, no setup will be performed.
idOptional parameter identifying the name of the phase. If blank, the first phase definition encountered will be used.

Definition at line 995 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ initThermo()

void initThermo ( )
virtual

Initialize the ThermoPhase object after all species have been set up.

This method is provided to allow subclasses to perform any initialization required after all species have been added. For example, it might be used to resize internal work arrays that must have an entry for each species. The base class implementation does nothing, and subclasses that do not require initialization do not need to overload this method. Derived classes which do override this function should call their parent class's implementation of this function as their last action.

When importing from an AnyMap phase description (or from a YAML file), setupPhase() adds all the species, stores the input data in m_input, and then calls this method to set model parameters from the data stored in m_input.

Reimplemented in WaterSSTP, VPStandardStateTP, SurfPhase, StoichSubstance, RedlichKwongMFTP, RedlichKisterVPSSTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, PengRobinson, MolalityVPSSTP, MetalPhase, MargulesVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, CoverageDependentSurfPhase, and BinarySolutionTabulatedThermo.

Definition at line 1016 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ setParameters()

void setParameters ( const AnyMap phaseNode,
const AnyMap rootNode = AnyMap() 
)
virtual

Set equation of state parameters from an AnyMap phase description.

Phases that need additional parameters from the root node should override this method.

Reimplemented in PlasmaPhase, and LatticeSolidPhase.

Definition at line 1084 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ parameters()

AnyMap parameters ( bool  withInput = true) const

Returns the parameters of a ThermoPhase object such that an identical one could be reconstructed using the newThermo(AnyMap&) function.

Parameters
withInputIf true, include additional input data fields associated with the phase description, such as user-defined fields from a YAML input file, as returned by the input() method.

Definition at line 1089 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getSpeciesParameters()

virtual void getSpeciesParameters ( const string &  name,
AnyMap speciesNode 
) const
inlinevirtual

Get phase-specific parameters of a Species object such that an identical one could be reconstructed and added to this phase.

Parameters
nameName of the species
speciesNodeMapping to be populated with parameters

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP, StoichSubstance, RedlichKwongMFTP, PengRobinson, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolidSolnPhase, DebyeHuckel, and CoverageDependentSurfPhase.

Definition at line 1831 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ input()

const AnyMap & input ( ) const

Access input data associated with the phase description.

Definition at line 1152 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ invalidateCache()

void invalidateCache ( )
overridevirtual

Invalidate any cached values which are normally updated only when a change in state is detected.

Reimplemented from Phase.

Reimplemented in VPStandardStateTP.

Definition at line 1162 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getdlnActCoeffds()

virtual void getdlnActCoeffds ( const double  dTds,
const double *const  dXds,
double *  dlnActCoeffds 
) const
inlinevirtual

Get the change in activity coefficients wrt changes in state (temp, mole fraction, etc) along a line in parameter space or along a line in physical space.

Parameters
dTdsInput of temperature change along the path
dXdsInput vector of changes in mole fraction along the path. length = m_kk Along the path length it must be the case that the mole fractions sum to one.
dlnActCoeffdsOutput vector of the directional derivatives of the log Activity Coefficients along the path. length = m_kk units are 1/units(s). if s is a physical coordinate then the units are 1/m.

Reimplemented in RedlichKisterVPSSTP, and MargulesVPSSTP.

Definition at line 1861 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getdlnActCoeffdlnX_diag()

virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnX_diag ( double *  dlnActCoeffdlnX_diag) const
inlinevirtual

Get the array of ln mole fraction derivatives of the log activity coefficients - diagonal component only.

For ideal mixtures (unity activity coefficients), this can return zero. Implementations should take the derivative of the logarithm of the activity coefficient with respect to the logarithm of the mole fraction variable that represents the standard state. This quantity is to be used in conjunction with derivatives of that mole fraction variable when the derivative of the chemical potential is taken.

units = dimensionless

Parameters
dlnActCoeffdlnX_diagOutput vector of derivatives of the log Activity Coefficients wrt the mole fractions. length = m_kk

Reimplemented in RedlichKisterVPSSTP, and MargulesVPSSTP.

Definition at line 1881 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getdlnActCoeffdlnN_diag()

virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnN_diag ( double *  dlnActCoeffdlnN_diag) const
inlinevirtual

Get the array of log species mole number derivatives of the log activity coefficients.

For ideal mixtures (unity activity coefficients), this can return zero. Implementations should take the derivative of the logarithm of the activity coefficient with respect to the logarithm of the concentration- like variable (for example, moles) that represents the standard state. This quantity is to be used in conjunction with derivatives of that species mole number variable when the derivative of the chemical potential is taken.

units = dimensionless

Parameters
dlnActCoeffdlnN_diagOutput vector of derivatives of the log Activity Coefficients. length = m_kk

Reimplemented in RedlichKisterVPSSTP, and MargulesVPSSTP.

Definition at line 1901 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ getdlnActCoeffdlnN()

void getdlnActCoeffdlnN ( const size_t  ld,
double *const  dlnActCoeffdlnN 
)
virtual

Get the array of derivatives of the log activity coefficients with respect to the log of the species mole numbers.

Implementations should take the derivative of the logarithm of the activity coefficient with respect to a species log mole number (with all other species mole numbers held constant). The default treatment in the ThermoPhase object is to set this vector to zero.

units = 1 / kmol

dlnActCoeffdlnN[ ld * k + m] will contain the derivative of log act_coeff for the m-th species with respect to the number of moles of the k-th species.

\[ \frac{d \ln(\gamma_m) }{d \ln( n_k ) }\Bigg|_{n_i} \]

When implemented, this method is used within the VCS equilibrium solver to calculate the Jacobian elements, which accelerates convergence of the algorithm.

Parameters
ldNumber of rows in the matrix
dlnActCoeffdlnNOutput vector of derivatives of the log Activity Coefficients. length = m_kk * m_kk

Reimplemented in RedlichKisterVPSSTP, MolalityVPSSTP, MargulesVPSSTP, and GibbsExcessVPSSTP.

Definition at line 1212 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ report()

string report ( bool  show_thermo = true,
double  threshold = -1e-14 
) const
virtual

returns a summary of the state of the phase as a string

Parameters
show_thermoIf true, extra information is printed out about the thermodynamic state of the system.
thresholdShow information about species with mole fractions greater than threshold.

Reimplemented in PureFluidPhase, and MolalityVPSSTP.

Definition at line 1277 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

◆ getParameters()

void getParameters ( AnyMap phaseNode) const
protectedvirtual

Store the parameters of a ThermoPhase object such that an identical one could be reconstructed using the newThermo(AnyMap&) function.

This does not include user-defined fields available in input().

Reimplemented in SurfPhase, RedlichKisterVPSSTP, PureFluidPhase, PlasmaPhase, MetalPhase, MargulesVPSSTP, LatticeSolidPhase, LatticePhase, IdealSolnGasVPSS, IdealSolidSolnPhase, IdealMolalSoln, HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, CoverageDependentSurfPhase, and BinarySolutionTabulatedThermo.

Definition at line 1099 of file ThermoPhase.cpp.

Member Data Documentation

◆ m_spthermo

MultiSpeciesThermo m_spthermo
protected

Pointer to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties.

This class is called when the reference-state thermodynamic properties of all the species in the phase needs to be evaluated.

Definition at line 1962 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ m_input

AnyMap m_input
protected

Data supplied via setParameters.

When first set, this may include parameters used by different phase models when initThermo() is called.

Definition at line 1966 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ m_phi

double m_phi = 0.0
protected

Stored value of the electric potential for this phase. Units are Volts.

Definition at line 1969 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ m_chargeNeutralityNecessary

bool m_chargeNeutralityNecessary = false
protected

Boolean indicating whether a charge neutrality condition is a necessity.

Note, the charge neutrality condition is not a necessity for ideal gas phases. There may be a net charge in those phases, because the NASA polynomials for ionized species in Ideal gases take this condition into account. However, liquid phases usually require charge neutrality in order for their derived thermodynamics to be valid.

Definition at line 1979 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ m_ssConvention

int m_ssConvention = cSS_CONVENTION_TEMPERATURE
protected

Contains the standard state convention.

Definition at line 1982 of file ThermoPhase.h.

◆ m_tlast

double m_tlast = 0.0
mutableprotected

last value of the temperature processed by reference state

Definition at line 1985 of file ThermoPhase.h.


The documentation for this class was generated from the following files: