#include <MolalityVPSSTP.h>

Inheritance diagram for MolalityVPSSTP:

Collaboration diagram for MolalityVPSSTP:

Public Member Functions
	MolalityVPSSTP ()
	Default Constructor. More...

virtual void	setStateFromXML (const XML_Node &state)
	Set equation of state parameter values from XML entries. More...

void	setState_TPM (doublereal t, doublereal p, const doublereal *const molalities)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities (gmol kg-1) of the solutes. More...

void	setState_TPM (doublereal t, doublereal p, const compositionMap &m)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities. More...

void	setState_TPM (doublereal t, doublereal p, const std::string &m)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities. More...

virtual void	setState (const AnyMap &state)
	Set the state using an AnyMap containing any combination of properties supported by the thermodynamic model. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnN (const size_t ld, doublereal *const dlnActCoeffdlnN)
	Get the array of derivatives of the log activity coefficients with respect to the log of the species mole numbers. More...

virtual std::string	report (bool show_thermo=true, doublereal threshold=1e-14) const
	returns a summary of the state of the phase as a string More...

Utilities
virtual std::string	phaseOfMatter () const
	String indicating the mechanical phase of the matter in this Phase. More...

void	setpHScale (const int pHscaleType)
	Set the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients. More...

int	pHScale () const
	Reports the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients. More...

Utilities for Solvent ID and Molality
void	setMoleFSolventMin (doublereal xmolSolventMIN)
	Sets the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation. More...

doublereal	moleFSolventMin () const
	Returns the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation. More...

void	calcMolalities () const
	Calculates the molality of all species and stores the result internally. More...

void	getMolalities (doublereal *const molal) const
	This function will return the molalities of the species. More...

void	setMolalities (const doublereal *const molal)
	Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase. More...

void	setMolalitiesByName (const compositionMap &xMap)
	Set the molalities of a phase. More...

void	setMolalitiesByName (const std::string &name)
	Set the molalities of a phase. More...

Activities, Standard States, and Activity Concentrations
The activity \(a_k\) of a species in solution is related to the chemical potential by \[ \mu_k = \mu_k^0(T) + \hat R T \log a_k. \] The quantity \(\mu_k^0(T,P)\) is the chemical potential at unit activity, which depends only on temperature and pressure.
int	activityConvention () const
	We set the convention to molality here. More...

virtual void	getActivityConcentrations (doublereal *c) const
	This method returns an array of generalized concentrations. More...

virtual doublereal	standardConcentration (size_t k=0) const
	Return the standard concentration for the kth species. More...

virtual void	getActivities (doublereal *ac) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional activities (molality based for this class and classes that derive from it) at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual void	getActivityCoefficients (doublereal *ac) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual void	getMolalityActivityCoefficients (doublereal *acMolality) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual double	osmoticCoefficient () const
	Calculate the osmotic coefficient. More...

Initialization
The following methods are used in the process of constructing the phase and setting its parameters from a specification in an input file. They are not normally used in application programs. To see how they are used, see importPhase().
virtual bool	addSpecies (shared_ptr< Species > spec)

virtual void	initThermo ()

Public Member Functions inherited from VPStandardStateTP
virtual void	setTemperature (const doublereal temp)
	Set the temperature of the phase. More...

virtual void	setPressure (doublereal p)
	Set the internally stored pressure (Pa) at constant temperature and composition. More...

virtual void	setState_TP (doublereal T, doublereal pres)
	Set the temperature and pressure at the same time. More...

virtual doublereal	pressure () const
	Returns the current pressure of the phase. More...

virtual void	updateStandardStateThermo () const
	Updates the standard state thermodynamic functions at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual double	minTemp (size_t k=npos) const
	Minimum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species or phase are valid. More...

virtual double	maxTemp (size_t k=npos) const
	Maximum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species are valid. More...

PDSS *	providePDSS (size_t k)

const PDSS *	providePDSS (size_t k) const

	VPStandardStateTP ()
	Constructor. More...

virtual	~VPStandardStateTP ()

virtual bool	isCompressible () const
	Return whether phase represents a compressible substance. More...

virtual int	standardStateConvention () const
	This method returns the convention used in specification of the standard state, of which there are currently two, temperature based, and variable pressure based. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnN_diag (doublereal *dlnActCoeffdlnN_diag) const
	Get the array of log species mole number derivatives of the log activity coefficients. More...

virtual void	getChemPotentials_RT (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional species chemical potentials. More...

virtual void	getStandardChemPotentials (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the array of chemical potentials at unit activity for the species at their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getEnthalpy_RT (doublereal *hrt) const
	Get the nondimensional Enthalpy functions for the species at their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getEntropy_R (doublereal *sr) const
	Get the array of nondimensional Entropy functions for the standard state species at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getGibbs_RT (doublereal *grt) const
	Get the nondimensional Gibbs functions for the species in their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getPureGibbs (doublereal *gpure) const
	Get the Gibbs functions for the standard state of the species at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getIntEnergy_RT (doublereal *urt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional Internal Energies of the standard state species at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getCp_R (doublereal *cpr) const
	Get the nondimensional Heat Capacities at constant pressure for the species standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getStandardVolumes (doublereal *vol) const
	Get the molar volumes of the species standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual const vector_fp &	getStandardVolumes () const

virtual void	getSpeciesParameters (const std::string &name, AnyMap &speciesNode) const
	Get phase-specific parameters of a Species object such that an identical one could be reconstructed and added to this phase. More...

void	installPDSS (size_t k, std::unique_ptr< PDSS > &&pdss)
	Install a PDSS object for species k More...

virtual bool	addSpecies (shared_ptr< Species > spec)
	Add a Species to this Phase. More...

virtual void	getEnthalpy_RT_ref (doublereal *hrt) const

virtual void	getGibbs_RT_ref (doublereal *grt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional Gibbs Free Energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species. More...

virtual void	getGibbs_ref (doublereal *g) const
	Returns the vector of the Gibbs function of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species. More...

virtual void	getEntropy_R_ref (doublereal *er) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional entropies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for each species. More...

virtual void	getCp_R_ref (doublereal *cprt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional constant pressure heat capacities of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and reference pressure for each species. More...

virtual void	getStandardVolumes_ref (doublereal *vol) const
	Get the molar volumes of the species reference states at the current T and P_ref of the solution. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from ThermoPhase
	ThermoPhase ()
	Constructor. More...

doublereal	RT () const
	Return the Gas Constant multiplied by the current temperature. More...

double	equivalenceRatio () const
	Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture from available oxygen and required oxygen. More...

virtual std::string	type () const
	String indicating the thermodynamic model implemented. More...

virtual bool	isIdeal () const
	Boolean indicating whether phase is ideal. More...

virtual doublereal	refPressure () const
	Returns the reference pressure in Pa. More...

doublereal	Hf298SS (const size_t k) const
	Report the 298 K Heat of Formation of the standard state of one species (J kmol-1) More...

virtual void	modifyOneHf298SS (const size_t k, const doublereal Hf298New)
	Modify the value of the 298 K Heat of Formation of one species in the phase (J kmol-1) More...

virtual void	resetHf298 (const size_t k=npos)
	Restore the original heat of formation of one or more species. More...

bool	chargeNeutralityNecessary () const
	Returns the chargeNeutralityNecessity boolean. More...

virtual doublereal	enthalpy_mole () const
	Molar enthalpy. Units: J/kmol. More...

virtual doublereal	intEnergy_mole () const
	Molar internal energy. Units: J/kmol. More...

virtual doublereal	entropy_mole () const
	Molar entropy. Units: J/kmol/K. More...

virtual doublereal	gibbs_mole () const
	Molar Gibbs function. Units: J/kmol. More...

virtual doublereal	cp_mole () const
	Molar heat capacity at constant pressure. Units: J/kmol/K. More...

virtual doublereal	cv_mole () const
	Molar heat capacity at constant volume. Units: J/kmol/K. More...

virtual doublereal	isothermalCompressibility () const
	Returns the isothermal compressibility. Units: 1/Pa. More...

virtual doublereal	thermalExpansionCoeff () const
	Return the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient. Units: 1/K. More...

void	setElectricPotential (doublereal v)
	Set the electric potential of this phase (V). More...

doublereal	electricPotential () const
	Returns the electric potential of this phase (V). More...

virtual Units	standardConcentrationUnits () const
	Returns the units of the "standard concentration" for this phase. More...

virtual doublereal	logStandardConc (size_t k=0) const
	Natural logarithm of the standard concentration of the kth species. More...

virtual void	getLnActivityCoefficients (doublereal *lnac) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional molar-based ln activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual void	getChemPotentials (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the species chemical potentials. Units: J/kmol. More...

void	getElectrochemPotentials (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the species electrochemical potentials. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarEnthalpies (doublereal *hbar) const
	Returns an array of partial molar enthalpies for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarEntropies (doublereal *sbar) const
	Returns an array of partial molar entropies of the species in the solution. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarIntEnergies (doublereal *ubar) const
	Return an array of partial molar internal energies for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarCp (doublereal *cpbar) const
	Return an array of partial molar heat capacities for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarVolumes (doublereal *vbar) const
	Return an array of partial molar volumes for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getIntEnergy_RT_ref (doublereal *urt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional internal Energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for each species. More...

doublereal	enthalpy_mass () const
	Specific enthalpy. Units: J/kg. More...

doublereal	intEnergy_mass () const
	Specific internal energy. Units: J/kg. More...

doublereal	entropy_mass () const
	Specific entropy. Units: J/kg/K. More...

doublereal	gibbs_mass () const
	Specific Gibbs function. Units: J/kg. More...

doublereal	cp_mass () const
	Specific heat at constant pressure. Units: J/kg/K. More...

doublereal	cv_mass () const
	Specific heat at constant volume. Units: J/kg/K. More...

virtual void	setState_TPX (doublereal t, doublereal p, const doublereal *x)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_TPX (doublereal t, doublereal p, const compositionMap &x)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_TPX (doublereal t, doublereal p, const std::string &x)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_TPY (doublereal t, doublereal p, const doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_TPY (doublereal t, doublereal p, const compositionMap &y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_TPY (doublereal t, doublereal p, const std::string &y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_PX (doublereal p, doublereal *x)
	Set the pressure (Pa) and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_PY (doublereal p, doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored pressure (Pa) and mass fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_HP (double h, double p, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the internally stored specific enthalpy (J/kg) and pressure (Pa) of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_UV (double u, double v, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the specific internal energy (J/kg) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...

virtual void	setState_SP (double s, double p, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and pressure (Pa). More...

virtual void	setState_SV (double s, double v, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...

virtual void	setState_ST (double s, double t, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and temperature (K). More...

virtual void	setState_TV (double t, double v, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the temperature (K) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...

virtual void	setState_PV (double p, double v, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the pressure (Pa) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...

virtual void	setState_UP (double u, double p, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the specific internal energy (J/kg) and pressure (Pa). More...

virtual void	setState_VH (double v, double h, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the specific volume (m^3/kg) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg) More...

virtual void	setState_TH (double t, double h, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the temperature (K) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg) More...

virtual void	setState_SH (double s, double h, double tol=1e-9)
	Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and the specific enthalpy (J/kg) More...

virtual void	setState_RP (doublereal rho, doublereal p)
	Set the density (kg/m**3) and pressure (Pa) at constant composition. More...

virtual void	setState_RPX (doublereal rho, doublereal p, const doublereal *x)
	Set the density (kg/m**3), pressure (Pa) and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_RPX (doublereal rho, doublereal p, const compositionMap &x)
	Set the density (kg/m**3), pressure (Pa) and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_RPX (doublereal rho, doublereal p, const std::string &x)
	Set the density (kg/m**3), pressure (Pa) and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_RPY (doublereal rho, doublereal p, const doublereal *y)
	Set the density (kg/m**3), pressure (Pa) and mass fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_RPY (doublereal rho, doublereal p, const compositionMap &y)
	Set the density (kg/m**3), pressure (Pa) and mass fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_RPY (doublereal rho, doublereal p, const std::string &y)
	Set the density (kg/m**3), pressure (Pa) and mass fractions. More...

void	setMixtureFraction (double mixFrac, const double fuelComp, const double oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
	Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) More...

void	setMixtureFraction (double mixFrac, const std::string &fuelComp, const std::string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
	Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) More...

void	setMixtureFraction (double mixFrac, const compositionMap &fuelComp, const compositionMap &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
	Set the mixture composition according to the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) More...

double	mixtureFraction (const double fuelComp, const double oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar, const std::string &element="Bilger") const
	Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...

double	mixtureFraction (const std::string &fuelComp, const std::string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar, const std::string &element="Bilger") const
	Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...

double	mixtureFraction (const compositionMap &fuelComp, const compositionMap &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar, const std::string &element="Bilger") const
	Compute the mixture fraction = kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel) for the current mixture given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...

void	setEquivalenceRatio (double phi, const double fuelComp, const double oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
	Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio. More...

void	setEquivalenceRatio (double phi, const std::string &fuelComp, const std::string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
	Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio. More...

void	setEquivalenceRatio (double phi, const compositionMap &fuelComp, const compositionMap &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar)
	Set the mixture composition according to the equivalence ratio. More...

double	equivalenceRatio (const double fuelComp, const double oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
	Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer. More...

double	equivalenceRatio (const std::string &fuelComp, const std::string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
	Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer. More...

double	equivalenceRatio (const compositionMap &fuelComp, const compositionMap &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
	Compute the equivalence ratio for the current mixture given the compositions of fuel and oxidizer. More...

double	stoichAirFuelRatio (const double fuelComp, const double oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
	Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...

double	stoichAirFuelRatio (const std::string &fuelComp, const std::string &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
	Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...

double	stoichAirFuelRatio (const compositionMap &fuelComp, const compositionMap &oxComp, ThermoBasis basis=ThermoBasis::molar) const
	Compute the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (kg oxidizer / kg fuel) given fuel and oxidizer compositions. More...

void	equilibrate (const std::string &XY, const std::string &solver="auto", double rtol=1e-9, int max_steps=50000, int max_iter=100, int estimate_equil=0, int log_level=0)
	Equilibrate a ThermoPhase object. More...

virtual void	setToEquilState (const doublereal *mu_RT)
	This method is used by the ChemEquil equilibrium solver. More...

virtual bool	compatibleWithMultiPhase () const
	Indicates whether this phase type can be used with class MultiPhase for equilibrium calculations. More...

virtual doublereal	critTemperature () const
	Critical temperature (K). More...

virtual doublereal	critPressure () const
	Critical pressure (Pa). More...

virtual doublereal	critVolume () const
	Critical volume (m3/kmol). More...

virtual doublereal	critCompressibility () const
	Critical compressibility (unitless). More...

virtual doublereal	critDensity () const
	Critical density (kg/m3). More...

virtual doublereal	satTemperature (doublereal p) const
	Return the saturation temperature given the pressure. More...

virtual doublereal	satPressure (doublereal t)
	Return the saturation pressure given the temperature. More...

virtual doublereal	vaporFraction () const
	Return the fraction of vapor at the current conditions. More...

virtual void	setState_Tsat (doublereal t, doublereal x)
	Set the state to a saturated system at a particular temperature. More...

virtual void	setState_Psat (doublereal p, doublereal x)
	Set the state to a saturated system at a particular pressure. More...

void	setState_TPQ (double T, double P, double Q)
	Set the temperature, pressure, and vapor fraction (quality). More...

virtual void	modifySpecies (size_t k, shared_ptr< Species > spec)
	Modify the thermodynamic data associated with a species. More...

void	saveSpeciesData (const size_t k, const XML_Node *const data)
	Store a reference pointer to the XML tree containing the species data for this phase. More...

const std::vector< const XML_Node * > &	speciesData () const
	Return a pointer to the vector of XML nodes containing the species data for this phase. More...

virtual MultiSpeciesThermo &	speciesThermo (int k=-1)
	Return a changeable reference to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties. More...

virtual const MultiSpeciesThermo &	speciesThermo (int k=-1) const

void	initThermoFile (const std::string &inputFile, const std::string &id)

virtual void	initThermoXML (XML_Node &phaseNode, const std::string &id)
	Import and initialize a ThermoPhase object using an XML tree. More...

virtual void	setParameters (int n, doublereal *const c)
	Set the equation of state parameters. More...

virtual void	getParameters (int &n, doublereal *const c) const
	Get the equation of state parameters in a vector. More...

virtual void	setParameters (const AnyMap &phaseNode, const AnyMap &rootNode=AnyMap())
	Set equation of state parameters from an AnyMap phase description. More...

AnyMap	parameters (bool withInput=true) const
	Returns the parameters of a ThermoPhase object such that an identical one could be reconstructed using the newPhase(AnyMap&) function. More...

const AnyMap &	input () const
	Access input data associated with the phase description. More...

AnyMap &	input ()

virtual void	setParametersFromXML (const XML_Node &eosdata)
	Set equation of state parameter values from XML entries. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffds (const doublereal dTds, const doublereal const dXds, doublereal dlnActCoeffds) const
	Get the change in activity coefficients wrt changes in state (temp, mole fraction, etc) along a line in parameter space or along a line in physical space. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnX_diag (doublereal *dlnActCoeffdlnX_diag) const
	Get the array of ln mole fraction derivatives of the log activity coefficients - diagonal component only. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnN_numderiv (const size_t ld, doublereal *const dlnActCoeffdlnN)

virtual void	reportCSV (std::ofstream &csvFile) const
	returns a summary of the state of the phase to a comma separated file. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from Phase
	Phase ()
	Default constructor. More...

	Phase (const Phase &)=delete

Phase &	operator= (const Phase &)=delete

XML_Node &	xml () const
	Returns a const reference to the XML_Node that describes the phase. More...

void	setXMLdata (XML_Node &xmlPhase)
	Stores the XML tree information for the current phase. More...

virtual bool	isPure () const
	Return whether phase represents a pure (single species) substance. More...

virtual bool	hasPhaseTransition () const
	Return whether phase represents a substance with phase transitions. More...

virtual std::map< std::string, size_t >	nativeState () const
	Return a map of properties defining the native state of a substance. More...

virtual std::vector< std::string >	fullStates () const
	Return a vector containing full states defining a phase. More...

virtual std::vector< std::string >	partialStates () const
	Return a vector of settable partial property sets within a phase. More...

virtual size_t	stateSize () const
	Return size of vector defining internal state of the phase. More...

void	saveState (vector_fp &state) const
	Save the current internal state of the phase. More...

virtual void	saveState (size_t lenstate, doublereal *state) const
	Write to array 'state' the current internal state. More...

void	restoreState (const vector_fp &state)
	Restore a state saved on a previous call to saveState. More...

virtual void	restoreState (size_t lenstate, const doublereal *state)
	Restore the state of the phase from a previously saved state vector. More...

doublereal	molecularWeight (size_t k) const
	Molecular weight of species `k`. More...

void	getMolecularWeights (vector_fp &weights) const
	Copy the vector of molecular weights into vector weights. More...

void	getMolecularWeights (doublereal *weights) const
	Copy the vector of molecular weights into array weights. More...

const vector_fp &	molecularWeights () const
	Return a const reference to the internal vector of molecular weights. More...

void	getCharges (double *charges) const
	Copy the vector of species charges into array charges. More...

doublereal	elementalMassFraction (const size_t m) const
	Elemental mass fraction of element m. More...

doublereal	elementalMoleFraction (const size_t m) const
	Elemental mole fraction of element m. More...

const double *	moleFractdivMMW () const
	Returns a const pointer to the start of the moleFraction/MW array. More...

doublereal	charge (size_t k) const
	Dimensionless electrical charge of a single molecule of species k The charge is normalized by the the magnitude of the electron charge. More...

doublereal	chargeDensity () const
	Charge density [C/m^3]. More...

size_t	nDim () const
	Returns the number of spatial dimensions (1, 2, or 3) More...

void	setNDim (size_t ndim)
	Set the number of spatial dimensions (1, 2, or 3). More...

virtual bool	ready () const
	Returns a bool indicating whether the object is ready for use. More...

int	stateMFNumber () const
	Return the State Mole Fraction Number. More...

bool	caseSensitiveSpecies () const
	Returns `true` if case sensitive species names are enforced. More...

void	setCaseSensitiveSpecies (bool cflag=true)
	Set flag that determines whether case sensitive species are enforced in look-up operations, for example speciesIndex. More...

virtual void	setRoot (std::shared_ptr< Solution > root)
	Set root Solution holding all phase information. More...

vector_fp	getCompositionFromMap (const compositionMap &comp) const
	Converts a compositionMap to a vector with entries for each species Species that are not specified are set to zero in the vector. More...

void	massFractionsToMoleFractions (const double Y, double X) const
	Converts a mixture composition from mole fractions to mass fractions. More...

void	moleFractionsToMassFractions (const double X, double Y) const
	Converts a mixture composition from mass fractions to mole fractions. More...

std::string	name () const
	Return the name of the phase. More...

void	setName (const std::string &nm)
	Sets the string name for the phase. More...

std::string	elementName (size_t m) const
	Name of the element with index m. More...

size_t	elementIndex (const std::string &name) const
	Return the index of element named 'name'. More...

const std::vector< std::string > &	elementNames () const
	Return a read-only reference to the vector of element names. More...

doublereal	atomicWeight (size_t m) const
	Atomic weight of element m. More...

doublereal	entropyElement298 (size_t m) const
	Entropy of the element in its standard state at 298 K and 1 bar. More...

int	atomicNumber (size_t m) const
	Atomic number of element m. More...

int	elementType (size_t m) const
	Return the element constraint type Possible types include: More...

int	changeElementType (int m, int elem_type)
	Change the element type of the mth constraint Reassigns an element type. More...

const vector_fp &	atomicWeights () const
	Return a read-only reference to the vector of atomic weights. More...

size_t	nElements () const
	Number of elements. More...

void	checkElementIndex (size_t m) const
	Check that the specified element index is in range. More...

void	checkElementArraySize (size_t mm) const
	Check that an array size is at least nElements(). More...

doublereal	nAtoms (size_t k, size_t m) const
	Number of atoms of element `m` in species `k`. More...

void	getAtoms (size_t k, double *atomArray) const
	Get a vector containing the atomic composition of species k. More...

size_t	speciesIndex (const std::string &name) const
	Returns the index of a species named 'name' within the Phase object. More...

std::string	speciesName (size_t k) const
	Name of the species with index k. More...

std::string	speciesSPName (int k) const
	Returns the expanded species name of a species, including the phase name This is guaranteed to be unique within a Cantera problem. More...

const std::vector< std::string > &	speciesNames () const
	Return a const reference to the vector of species names. More...

size_t	nSpecies () const
	Returns the number of species in the phase. More...

void	checkSpeciesIndex (size_t k) const
	Check that the specified species index is in range. More...

void	checkSpeciesArraySize (size_t kk) const
	Check that an array size is at least nSpecies(). More...

void	setMoleFractionsByName (const compositionMap &xMap)
	Set the species mole fractions by name. More...

void	setMoleFractionsByName (const std::string &x)
	Set the mole fractions of a group of species by name. More...

void	setMassFractionsByName (const compositionMap &yMap)
	Set the species mass fractions by name. More...

void	setMassFractionsByName (const std::string &x)
	Set the species mass fractions by name. More...

void	setState_TRX (doublereal t, doublereal dens, const doublereal *x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TRX (doublereal t, doublereal dens, const compositionMap &x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TRY (doublereal t, doublereal dens, const doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mass fractions. More...

void	setState_TRY (doublereal t, doublereal dens, const compositionMap &y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mass fractions. More...

void	setState_TNX (doublereal t, doublereal n, const doublereal *x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), molar density (kmol/m^3), and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TR (doublereal t, doublereal rho)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K) and density (kg/m^3) More...

void	setState_TX (doublereal t, doublereal *x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K) and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TY (doublereal t, doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K) and mass fractions. More...

void	setState_RX (doublereal rho, doublereal *x)
	Set the density (kg/m^3) and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_RY (doublereal rho, doublereal *y)
	Set the density (kg/m^3) and mass fractions. More...

compositionMap	getMoleFractionsByName (double threshold=0.0) const
	Get the mole fractions by name. More...

double	moleFraction (size_t k) const
	Return the mole fraction of a single species. More...

double	moleFraction (const std::string &name) const
	Return the mole fraction of a single species. More...

compositionMap	getMassFractionsByName (double threshold=0.0) const
	Get the mass fractions by name. More...

double	massFraction (size_t k) const
	Return the mass fraction of a single species. More...

double	massFraction (const std::string &name) const
	Return the mass fraction of a single species. More...

void	getMoleFractions (double *const x) const
	Get the species mole fraction vector. More...

virtual void	setMoleFractions (const double *const x)
	Set the mole fractions to the specified values. More...

virtual void	setMoleFractions_NoNorm (const double *const x)
	Set the mole fractions to the specified values without normalizing. More...

void	getMassFractions (double *const y) const
	Get the species mass fractions. More...

const double *	massFractions () const
	Return a const pointer to the mass fraction array. More...

virtual void	setMassFractions (const double *const y)
	Set the mass fractions to the specified values and normalize them. More...

virtual void	setMassFractions_NoNorm (const double *const y)
	Set the mass fractions to the specified values without normalizing. More...

void	getConcentrations (double *const c) const
	Get the species concentrations (kmol/m^3). More...

double	concentration (const size_t k) const
	Concentration of species k. More...

virtual void	setConcentrations (const double *const conc)
	Set the concentrations to the specified values within the phase. More...

virtual void	setConcentrationsNoNorm (const double *const conc)
	Set the concentrations without ignoring negative concentrations. More...

doublereal	temperature () const
	Temperature (K). More...

virtual double	electronTemperature () const
	Electron Temperature (K) More...

virtual double	density () const
	Density (kg/m^3). More...

double	molarDensity () const
	Molar density (kmol/m^3). More...

double	molarVolume () const
	Molar volume (m^3/kmol). More...

virtual void	setDensity (const double density_)
	Set the internally stored density (kg/m^3) of the phase. More...

virtual void	setMolarDensity (const double molarDensity)
	Set the internally stored molar density (kmol/m^3) of the phase. More...

virtual void	setElectronTemperature (double etemp)
	Set the internally stored electron temperature of the phase (K). More...

doublereal	mean_X (const doublereal *const Q) const
	Evaluate the mole-fraction-weighted mean of an array Q. More...

doublereal	mean_X (const vector_fp &Q) const
	Evaluate the mole-fraction-weighted mean of an array Q. More...

doublereal	meanMolecularWeight () const
	The mean molecular weight. Units: (kg/kmol) More...

doublereal	sum_xlogx () const
	Evaluate \( \sum_k X_k \log X_k \). More...

size_t	addElement (const std::string &symbol, doublereal weight=-12345.0, int atomicNumber=0, doublereal entropy298=ENTROPY298_UNKNOWN, int elem_type=CT_ELEM_TYPE_ABSPOS)
	Add an element. More...

void	addSpeciesAlias (const std::string &name, const std::string &alias)
	Add a species alias (that is, a user-defined alternative species name). More...

virtual std::vector< std::string >	findIsomers (const compositionMap &compMap) const
	Return a vector with isomers names matching a given composition map. More...

virtual std::vector< std::string >	findIsomers (const std::string &comp) const
	Return a vector with isomers names matching a given composition string. More...

shared_ptr< Species >	species (const std::string &name) const
	Return the Species object for the named species. More...

shared_ptr< Species >	species (size_t k) const
	Return the Species object for species whose index is k. More...

void	ignoreUndefinedElements ()
	Set behavior when adding a species containing undefined elements to just skip the species. More...

void	addUndefinedElements ()
	Set behavior when adding a species containing undefined elements to add those elements to the phase. More...

void	throwUndefinedElements ()
	Set the behavior when adding a species containing undefined elements to throw an exception. More...

Protected Member Functions
virtual void	getCsvReportData (std::vector< std::string > &names, std::vector< vector_fp > &data) const
	Fills `names` and `data` with the column names and species thermo properties to be included in the output of the reportCSV method. More...

virtual void	getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients (doublereal *acMolality) const
	Get the array of unscaled non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual void	applyphScale (doublereal *acMolality) const
	Apply the current phScale to a set of activity Coefficients or activities. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from VPStandardStateTP
virtual void	calcDensity ()
	Calculate the density of the mixture using the partial molar volumes and mole fractions as input. More...

virtual void	_updateStandardStateThermo () const
	Updates the standard state thermodynamic functions at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	invalidateCache ()
	Invalidate any cached values which are normally updated only when a change in state is detected. More...

const vector_fp &	Gibbs_RT_ref () const

Protected Member Functions inherited from ThermoPhase
virtual void	getParameters (AnyMap &phaseNode) const
	Store the parameters of a ThermoPhase object such that an identical one could be reconstructed using the newPhase(AnyMap&) function. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from Phase
void	assertCompressible (const std::string &setter) const
	Ensure that phase is compressible. More...

void	assignDensity (const double density_)
	Set the internally stored constant density (kg/m^3) of the phase. More...

void	setMolecularWeight (const int k, const double mw)
	Set the molecular weight of a single species to a given value. More...

virtual void	compositionChanged ()
	Apply changes to the state which are needed after the composition changes. More...

Protected Attributes
int	m_pHScalingType
	Scaling to be used for output of single-ion species activity coefficients. More...

size_t	m_indexCLM
	Index of the phScale species. More...

doublereal	m_weightSolvent
	Molecular weight of the Solvent. More...

doublereal	m_xmolSolventMIN

doublereal	m_Mnaught
	This is the multiplication factor that goes inside log expressions involving the molalities of species. More...

vector_fp	m_molalities
	Current value of the molalities of the species in the phase. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from VPStandardStateTP
doublereal	m_Pcurrent
	Current value of the pressure - state variable. More...

double	m_minTemp
	The minimum temperature at which data for all species is valid. More...

double	m_maxTemp
	The maximum temperature at which data for all species is valid. More...

doublereal	m_Tlast_ss
	The last temperature at which the standard state thermodynamic properties were calculated at. More...

doublereal	m_Plast_ss
	The last pressure at which the Standard State thermodynamic properties were calculated at. More...

std::vector< std::unique_ptr< PDSS > >	m_PDSS_storage
	Storage for the PDSS objects for the species. More...

vector_fp	m_h0_RT
	Vector containing the species reference enthalpies at T = m_tlast and P = p_ref. More...

vector_fp	m_cp0_R
	Vector containing the species reference constant pressure heat capacities at T = m_tlast and P = p_ref. More...

vector_fp	m_g0_RT
	Vector containing the species reference Gibbs functions at T = m_tlast and P = p_ref. More...

vector_fp	m_s0_R
	Vector containing the species reference entropies at T = m_tlast and P = p_ref. More...

vector_fp	m_V0
	Vector containing the species reference molar volumes. More...

vector_fp	m_hss_RT
	Vector containing the species Standard State enthalpies at T = m_tlast and P = m_plast. More...

vector_fp	m_cpss_R
	Vector containing the species Standard State constant pressure heat capacities at T = m_tlast and P = m_plast. More...

vector_fp	m_gss_RT
	Vector containing the species Standard State Gibbs functions at T = m_tlast and P = m_plast. More...

vector_fp	m_sss_R
	Vector containing the species Standard State entropies at T = m_tlast and P = m_plast. More...

vector_fp	m_Vss
	Vector containing the species standard state volumes at T = m_tlast and P = m_plast. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from ThermoPhase
MultiSpeciesThermo	m_spthermo
	Pointer to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties. More...

AnyMap	m_input
	Data supplied via setParameters. More...

std::vector< const XML_Node * >	m_speciesData
	Vector of pointers to the species databases. More...

doublereal	m_phi
	Stored value of the electric potential for this phase. Units are Volts. More...

bool	m_chargeNeutralityNecessary
	Boolean indicating whether a charge neutrality condition is a necessity. More...

int	m_ssConvention
	Contains the standard state convention. More...

doublereal	m_tlast
	last value of the temperature processed by reference state More...

Protected Attributes inherited from Phase
ValueCache	m_cache
	Cached for saved calculations within each ThermoPhase. More...

size_t	m_kk
	Number of species in the phase. More...

size_t	m_ndim
	Dimensionality of the phase. More...

vector_fp	m_speciesComp
	Atomic composition of the species. More...

vector_fp	m_speciesCharge
	Vector of species charges. length m_kk. More...

std::map< std::string, shared_ptr< Species > >	m_species

UndefElement::behavior	m_undefinedElementBehavior
	Flag determining behavior when adding species with an undefined element. More...

bool	m_caseSensitiveSpecies
	Flag determining whether case sensitive species names are enforced. More...

Private Member Functions
virtual size_t	findCLMIndex () const
	Returns the index of the Cl- species. More...

Detailed Description

MolalityVPSSTP is a derived class of ThermoPhase that handles variable pressure standard state methods for calculating thermodynamic properties that are further based on molality-scaled activities. This category incorporates most of the methods for calculating liquid electrolyte thermodynamics that have been developed since the 1970's.

This class adds additional functions onto the ThermoPhase interface that handle molality based standard states. The ThermoPhase class includes a member function, ThermoPhase::activityConvention() that indicates which convention the activities are based on. The default is to assume activities are based on the molar convention. However, classes which derive from the MolalityVPSSTP class return cAC_CONVENTION_MOLALITY from this member function.

The molality of a solute, \( m_i \), is defined as

\[ m_i = \frac{n_i}{\tilde{M}_o n_o} \]

where

\[ \tilde{M}_o = \frac{M_o}{1000} \]

where \( M_o \) is the molecular weight of the solvent. The molality has units of gmol/kg. For the solute, the molality may be considered as the amount of gmol's of solute per kg of solvent, a natural experimental quantity.

The formulas for calculating mole fractions if given the molalities of the solutes is stated below. First calculate \( L^{sum} \), an intermediate quantity.

\[ L^{sum} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o X_o} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o} + \sum_{i\ne o} m_i \]

Then,

\[ X_o = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o L^{sum}} \]

\[ X_i = \frac{m_i}{L^{sum}} \]

where \( X_o \) is the mole fraction of solvent, and \( X_o \) is the mole fraction of solute i. Thus, the molality scale and the mole fraction scale offer a one-to-one mapping between each other, except in the limit of a zero solvent mole fraction.

The standard states for thermodynamic objects that derive from MolalityVPSSTP are on the unit molality basis. Chemical potentials of the solutes, \( \mu_k \), and the solvent, \( \mu_o \), which are based on the molality form, have the following general format:

\[ \mu_k = \mu^{\triangle}_k(T,P) + R T ln(\gamma_k^{\triangle} \frac{m_k}{m^\triangle}) \]

\[ \mu_o = \mu^o_o(T,P) + RT ln(a_o) \]

where \( \gamma_k^{\triangle} \) is the molality based activity coefficient for species \(k\).

The chemical potential of the solvent is thus expressed in a different format than the chemical potential of the solutes. Additionally, the activity of the solvent, \( a_o \), is further reexpressed in terms of an osmotic coefficient, \( \phi \).

\[ \phi = \frac{- ln(a_o)}{\tilde{M}_o \sum_{i \ne o} m_i} \]

MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient() returns the value of \( \phi \). Note there are a few of definitions of the osmotic coefficient floating around. We use the one defined in (Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, K. S. Pitzer CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991, p. 85, Eqn. 28). This definition is most clearly related to theoretical calculation.

The molar-based activity coefficients \( \gamma_k \) may be calculated from the molality-based activity coefficients, \( \gamma_k^\triangle \) by the following formula.

\[ \gamma_k = \frac{\gamma_k^\triangle}{X_o} \]

For purposes of establishing a convention, the molar activity coefficient of the solvent is set equal to the molality-based activity coefficient of the solvent:

\[ \gamma_o = \gamma_o^\triangle \]

The molality-based and molarity-based standard states may be related to one another by the following formula.

\[ \mu_k^\triangle(T,P) = \mu_k^o(T,P) + R T \ln(\tilde{M}_o m^\triangle) \]

An important convention is followed in all routines that derive from MolalityVPSSTP. Standard state thermodynamic functions and reference state thermodynamic functions return the molality-based quantities. Also all functions which return activities return the molality-based activities. The reason for this convention has been discussed in supporting memos. However, it's important because the term in the equation above is non-trivial. For example it's equal to 2.38 kcal/gmol for water at 298 K.

In order to prevent a singularity, this class includes the concept of a minimum value for the solvent mole fraction. All calculations involving the formulation of activity coefficients and other non-ideal solution behavior adhere to this concept of a minimal value for the solvent mole fraction. This makes sense because these solution behavior were all designed and measured far away from the zero solvent singularity condition and are not applicable in that limit.

This objects add a layer that supports molality. It inherits from VPStandardStateTP.

All objects that derive from this are assumed to have molality based standard states.

Molality based activity coefficients are scaled according to the current pH scale. See the Eq3/6 manual for details.

Activity coefficients for species k may be altered between scales s1 to s2 using the following formula

\[ ln(\gamma_k^{s2}) = ln(\gamma_k^{s1}) + \frac{z_k}{z_j} \left( ln(\gamma_j^{s2}) - ln(\gamma_j^{s1}) \right) \]

where j is any one species. For the NBS scale, j is equal to the Cl- species and

\[ ln(\gamma_{Cl-}^{s2}) = \frac{-A_{\phi} \sqrt{I}}{1.0 + 1.5 \sqrt{I}} \]

The Pitzer scale doesn't actually change anything. The pitzer scale is defined as the raw unscaled activity coefficients produced by the underlying objects.

SetState Strategy

The MolalityVPSSTP object does not have a setState strategy concerning the molalities. It does not keep track of whether the molalities have changed. It's strictly an interfacial layer that writes the current mole fractions to the State object. When molalities are needed it recalculates the molalities from the State object's mole fraction vector.

Todo:: Make two solvent minimum fractions. One would be for calculation of the non-ideal factors. The other one would be for purposes of stoichiometry evaluation. the stoichiometry evaluation one would be a 1E-13 limit. Anything less would create problems with roundoff error.

Definition at line 181 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ MolalityVPSSTP()

MolalityVPSSTP ( )

Default Constructor.

This doesn't do much more than initialize constants with default values for water at 25C. Water molecular weight comes from the default elements definitions. It actually differs slightly from the IAPWS95 value of 18.015268. However, density conservation and therefore element conservation is the more important principle to follow.

Definition at line 24 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References ThermoPhase::m_chargeNeutralityNecessary.

Member Function Documentation

◆ phaseOfMatter()

virtual std::string phaseOfMatter ( ) const

inlinevirtual

String indicating the mechanical phase of the matter in this Phase.

All derived phases from MolalityVPSSTP always represent liquids.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 201 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

◆ setpHScale()

void setpHScale ( const int pHscaleType )

Set the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients.

Single ion activity coefficients are not unique in terms of the representing actual measurable quantities.

Parameters

pHscaleType Integer representing the pHscale

Definition at line 39 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_pHScalingType, Cantera::PHSCALE_NBS, and Cantera::PHSCALE_PITZER.

◆ pHScale()

int pHScale ( ) const

Reports the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients.

Single ion activity coefficients are not unique in terms of the representing actual measurable quantities.

Returns: the pHscale type

Definition at line 48 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_pHScalingType.

◆ setMoleFSolventMin()

void setMoleFSolventMin ( doublereal xmolSolventMIN )

Sets the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation.

Note the molality formulation is singular in the limit that the solvent mole fraction goes to zero. Numerically, how this limit is treated and resolved is an ongoing issue within Cantera. The minimum mole fraction must be in the range 0 to 0.9.

Parameters

xmolSolventMIN Input double containing the minimum mole fraction

Definition at line 53 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN.

Referenced by IdealMolalSoln::initThermo().

◆ moleFSolventMin()

doublereal moleFSolventMin ( ) const

Returns the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation.

Definition at line 63 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN.

◆ calcMolalities()

void calcMolalities ( ) const

Calculates the molality of all species and stores the result internally.

We calculate the vector of molalities of the species in the phase and store the result internally:

\[ m_i = \frac{X_i}{1000 * M_o * X_{o,p}} \]

where

\( M_o \) is the molecular weight of the solvent
\( X_o \) is the mole fraction of the solvent
\( X_i \) is the mole fraction of the solute.
\( X_{o,p} = \max (X_{o}^{min}, X_o) \)
\( X_{o}^{min} \) = minimum mole fraction of solvent allowed in the denominator.

Definition at line 68 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Phase::getMoleFractions(), Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities, and MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN.

Referenced by DebyeHuckel::_lnactivityWaterHelgesonFixedForm(), IdealMolalSoln::getActivities(), IdealMolalSoln::getChemPotentials(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalities(), IdealMolalSoln::getPartialMolarEntropies(), HMWSoln::printCoeffs(), DebyeHuckel::s_update_lnMolalityActCoeff(), HMWSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), IdealMolalSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalities(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName().

◆ getMolalities()

void getMolalities ( doublereal *const molal ) const

This function will return the molalities of the species.

We calculate the vector of molalities of the species in the phase

\[ m_i = \frac{X_i}{1000 * M_o * X_{o,p}} \]

where

\( M_o \) is the molecular weight of the solvent
\( X_o \) is the mole fraction of the solvent
\( X_i \) is the mole fraction of the solute.
\( X_{o,p} = \max (X_{o}^{min}, X_o) \)
\( X_{o}^{min} \) = minimum mole fraction of solvent allowed in the denominator.

Parameters

molal Output vector of molalities. Length: m_kk.

Definition at line 78 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), Phase::m_kk, and MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getCsvReportData(), and vcs_MultiPhaseEquil::reportCSV().

◆ setMolalities()

void setMolalities ( const doublereal *const molal )

Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase.

Note, the entry for the solvent is not used. We are supplied with the molalities of all of the solute species. We then calculate the mole fractions of all species and update the ThermoPhase object.

\[ m_i = \frac{X_i}{M_o/1000 * X_{o,p}} \]

where

\(M_o\) is the molecular weight of the solvent
\(X_o\) is the mole fraction of the solvent
\(X_i\) is the mole fraction of the solute.
\(X_{o,p} = \max(X_o^{min}, X_o)\)
\(X_o^{min}\) = minimum mole fraction of solvent allowed in the denominator.

The formulas for calculating mole fractions are

\[ L^{sum} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o X_o} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o} + \sum_{i\ne o} m_i \]

Then,

\[ X_o = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o L^{sum}} \]

\[ X_i = \frac{m_i}{L^{sum}} \]

It is currently an error if the solvent mole fraction is attempted to be set to a value lower than \( X_o^{min} \).

Parameters

molal Input vector of molalities. Length: m_kk.

Definition at line 86 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities, and Phase::setMoleFractions().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::setState_TPM().

◆ setMolalitiesByName() [1/2]

void setMolalitiesByName ( const compositionMap & xMap )

Set the molalities of a phase.

Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase. Note, the entry for the solvent is not used.

Parameters

xMap	Composition Map containing the molalities.

Definition at line 113 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), Phase::charge(), Phase::getMoleFractions(), Cantera::getValue(), Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN, Cantera::npos, Phase::setMoleFractions(), and Phase::speciesName().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), MolalityVPSSTP::setState(), MolalityVPSSTP::setState_TPM(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setStateFromXML().

◆ setMolalitiesByName() [2/2]

void setMolalitiesByName ( const std::string & name )

Set the molalities of a phase.

Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase. Note, the entry for the solvent is not used.

Parameters

name	String containing the information for a composition map.

Definition at line 181 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Cantera::parseCompString(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and Phase::speciesNames().

◆ activityConvention()

int activityConvention ( ) const

virtual

We set the convention to molality here.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 189 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Cantera::cAC_CONVENTION_MOLALITY.

◆ getActivityConcentrations()

void getActivityConcentrations ( doublereal * c ) const

virtual

This method returns an array of generalized concentrations.

\( C^a_k\) are defined such that \( a_k = C^a_k / C^0_k, \) where \( C^0_k \) is a standard concentration defined below and \( a_k \) are activities used in the thermodynamic functions. These activity (or generalized) concentrations are used by kinetics manager classes to compute the forward and reverse rates of elementary reactions. Note that they may or may not have units of concentration — they might be partial pressures, mole fractions, or surface coverages, for example.

Parameters

c	Output array of generalized concentrations. The units depend upon the implementation of the reaction rate expressions within the phase.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in DebyeHuckel, HMWSoln, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 194 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

◆ standardConcentration()

doublereal standardConcentration ( size_t k = 0 ) const

virtual

Return the standard concentration for the kth species.

The standard concentration \( C^0_k \) used to normalize the activity (that is, generalized) concentration. In many cases, this quantity will be the same for all species in a phase - for example, for an ideal gas \( C^0_k = P/\hat R T \). For this reason, this method returns a single value, instead of an array. However, for phases in which the standard concentration is species-specific (such as surface species of different sizes), this method may be called with an optional parameter indicating the species.

Parameters

k	Optional parameter indicating the species. The default is to assume this refers to species 0.

Returns: Returns the standard concentration. The units are by definition dependent on the ThermoPhase and kinetics manager representation.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in DebyeHuckel, HMWSoln, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 199 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

◆ getActivities()

void getActivities ( doublereal * ac ) const

virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional activities (molality based for this class and classes that derive from it) at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

All standard state properties for molality-based phases are evaluated consistent with the molality scale. Therefore, this function must return molality-based activities.

\[ a_i^\triangle = \gamma_k^{\triangle} \frac{m_k}{m^\triangle} \]

This function must be implemented in derived classes.

Parameters

ac	Output vector of molality-based activities. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in DebyeHuckel, HMWSoln, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 204 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getCsvReportData(), and MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient().

◆ getActivityCoefficients()

void getActivityCoefficients ( doublereal * ac ) const

virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

These are mole-fraction based activity coefficients. In this object, their calculation is based on translating the values of the molality-based activity coefficients. See Denbigh p. 278 for a thorough discussion.

The molar-based activity coefficients \( \gamma_k \) may be calculated from the molality-based activity coefficients, \( \gamma_k^\triangle \) by the following formula.

\[ \gamma_k = \frac{\gamma_k^\triangle}{X_o} \]

For purposes of establishing a convention, the molar activity coefficient of the solvent is set equal to the molality-based activity coefficient of the solvent:

\[ \gamma_o = \gamma_o^\triangle \]

Derived classes don't need to overload this function. This function is handled at this level.

Parameters

ac	Output vector containing the mole-fraction based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 209 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN, and Phase::moleFraction().

◆ getMolalityActivityCoefficients()

void getMolalityActivityCoefficients ( doublereal * acMolality ) const

virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

See Denbigh p. 278 for a thorough discussion. This class must be overridden in classes which derive from MolalityVPSSTP. This function takes over from the molar-based activity coefficient calculation, getActivityCoefficients(), in derived classes.

These molality based activity coefficients are scaled according to the current pH scale. See the Eq3/6 manual for details.

Activity coefficients for species k may be altered between scales s1 to s2 using the following formula

\[ ln(\gamma_k^{s2}) = ln(\gamma_k^{s1}) + \frac{z_k}{z_j} \left( ln(\gamma_j^{s2}) - ln(\gamma_j^{s1}) \right) \]

where j is any one species. For the NBS scale, j is equal to the Cl- species and

\[ ln(\gamma_{Cl-}^{s2}) = \frac{-A_{\phi} \sqrt{I}}{1.0 + 1.5 \sqrt{I}} \]

Parameters

acMolality Output vector containing the molality based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 218 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::applyphScale(), and MolalityVPSSTP::getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getActivityCoefficients(), and MolalityVPSSTP::getCsvReportData().

◆ osmoticCoefficient()

doublereal osmoticCoefficient ( ) const

virtual

Calculate the osmotic coefficient.

\[ \phi = \frac{- ln(a_o)}{\tilde{M}_o \sum_{i \ne o} m_i} \]

Note there are a few of definitions of the osmotic coefficient floating around. We use the one defined in (Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, K. S. Pitzer CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991, p. 85, Eqn. 28). This definition is most clearly related to theoretical calculation.

units = dimensionless

Definition at line 224 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::getActivities(), Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, and MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities.

◆ setStateFromXML()

void setStateFromXML ( const XML_Node & state )

virtual

Set equation of state parameter values from XML entries.

This method is called by function importPhase() when processing a phase definition in an input file. It should be overloaded in subclasses to set any parameters that are specific to that particular phase model.

The MolalityVPSSTP object defines a new method for setting the concentrations of a phase. The new method is defined by a block called "soluteMolalities". If this block is found, the concentrations within that phase are set to the "name":"molalities pairs found within that XML block. The solvent concentration is then set to everything else. The function first calls the overloaded function, VPStandardStateTP::setStateFromXML(), to pick up the parent class behavior. usage: Overloaded functions should call this function before carrying out their own behavior. @param state An XML_Node object corresponding to the "state" entry for this phase in the input file.

Deprecated:: The XML input format is deprecated and will be removed in Cantera 3.0.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 242 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Cantera::getChildValue(), Cantera::getFloat(), XML_Node::hasChild(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), VPStandardStateTP::setPressure(), and ThermoPhase::setStateFromXML().

◆ addSpecies()

bool addSpecies ( shared_ptr< Species > spec )

virtual

The following methods are used in the process of constructing the phase and setting its parameters from a specification in an input file. They are not normally used in application programs. To see how they are used, see importPhase().

Reimplemented from VPStandardStateTP.

Reimplemented in DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 365 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References VPStandardStateTP::addSpecies(), Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities, MolalityVPSSTP::m_weightSolvent, and Phase::molecularWeight().

Referenced by DebyeHuckel::addSpecies(), and IdealMolalSoln::addSpecies().

◆ initThermo()

void initThermo ( )

virtual

The following methods are used in the process of constructing the phase and setting its parameters from a specification in an input file. They are not normally used in application programs. To see how they are used, see importPhase().

Reimplemented from VPStandardStateTP.

Reimplemented in DebyeHuckel, HMWSoln, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 291 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::findCLMIndex(), VPStandardStateTP::initThermo(), and MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexCLM.

Referenced by DebyeHuckel::initThermo(), HMWSoln::initThermo(), and IdealMolalSoln::initThermo().

◆ setState_TPM() [1/3]

void setState_TPM	(	doublereal	t,
		doublereal	p,
		const doublereal *const	molalities
	)

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities (gmol kg-1) of the solutes.

Parameters

t	Temperature (K)
p	Pressure (Pa)
molalities	Input vector of molalities of the solutes. Length: m_kk.

Definition at line 255 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalities(), and VPStandardStateTP::setState_TP().

◆ setState_TPM() [2/3]

void setState_TPM	(	doublereal	t,
		doublereal	p,
		const compositionMap &	m
	)

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities.

Parameters

t	Temperature (K)
p	Pressure (Pa)
m	compositionMap containing the molalities

Definition at line 262 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and VPStandardStateTP::setState_TP().

◆ setState_TPM() [3/3]

void setState_TPM	(	doublereal	t,
		doublereal	p,
		const std::string &	m
	)

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities.

Parameters

t	Temperature (K)
p	Pressure (Pa)
m	String which gets translated into a composition map for the molalities of the solutes.

Definition at line 268 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and VPStandardStateTP::setState_TP().

◆ setState()

void setState ( const AnyMap & state )

virtual

Set the state using an AnyMap containing any combination of properties supported by the thermodynamic model.

Accepted keys are:

X (mole fractions)
Y (mass fractions)
T or temperature
P or pressure [Pa]
H or enthalpy [J/kg]
U or internal-energy [J/kg]
S or entropy [J/kg/K]
V or specific-volume [m^3/kg]
D or density [kg/m^3]

Composition can be specified as either an AnyMap of species names to values or as a composition string. All other values can be given as floating point values in Cantera's default units, or as strings with the units specified, which will be converted using the Units class.

If no thermodynamic property pair is given, or only one of temperature or pressure is given, then 298.15 K and 101325 Pa will be used as necessary to fully set the state.

Additionally uses the keys molalities or M to set the molalities.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 274 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References AnyValue::asMap(), AnyValue::asString(), AnyMap::hasKey(), AnyValue::is(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and ThermoPhase::setState().

◆ getdlnActCoeffdlnN()

virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnN	(	const size_t	ld,
		doublereal *const	dlnActCoeffdlnN
	)

inlinevirtual

Get the array of derivatives of the log activity coefficients with respect to the log of the species mole numbers.

Implementations should take the derivative of the logarithm of the activity coefficient with respect to a species log mole number (with all other species mole numbers held constant). The default treatment in the ThermoPhase object is to set this vector to zero.

units = 1 / kmol

dlnActCoeffdlnN[ ld * k + m] will contain the derivative of log act_coeff for the m-th species with respect to the number of moles of the k-th species.

\[ \frac{d \ln(\gamma_m) }{d \ln( n_k ) }\Bigg|_{n_i} \]

Parameters

ld	Number of rows in the matrix
dlnActCoeffdlnN	Output vector of derivatives of the log Activity Coefficients. length = m_kk * m_kk

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 519 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

◆ report()

std::string report	(	bool	show_thermo = `true`,
		doublereal	threshold = `1e-14`
	)		const

virtual

returns a summary of the state of the phase as a string

Parameters

show_thermo	If true, extra information is printed out about the thermodynamic state of the system.
threshold	Show information about species with mole fractions greater than threshold.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 379 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Phase::name().

◆ getCsvReportData()

void getCsvReportData	(	std::vector< std::string > &	names,
		std::vector< vector_fp > &	data
	)		const

protectedvirtual

Fills names and data with the column names and species thermo properties to be included in the output of the reportCSV method.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 487 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::getActivities(), ThermoPhase::getChemPotentials(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalities(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), Phase::getMoleFractions(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarCp(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarEnthalpies(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarEntropies(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarIntEnergies(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarVolumes(), VPStandardStateTP::getStandardChemPotentials(), and Phase::nSpecies().

◆ getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients()

void getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients ( doublereal * acMolality ) const

protectedvirtual

Get the array of unscaled non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

See Denbigh p. 278 for a thorough discussion. This class must be overridden in classes which derive from MolalityVPSSTP. This function takes over from the molar-based activity coefficient calculation, getActivityCoefficients(), in derived classes.

Parameters

acMolality Output vector containing the molality based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln.

Definition at line 299 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients().

◆ applyphScale()

void applyphScale ( doublereal * acMolality ) const

protectedvirtual

Apply the current phScale to a set of activity Coefficients or activities.

See the Eq3/6 Manual for a thorough discussion.

Parameters

acMolality input/Output vector containing the molality based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln.

Definition at line 304 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients().

◆ findCLMIndex()

size_t findCLMIndex ( ) const

privatevirtual

Returns the index of the Cl- species.

The Cl- species is special in the sense that its single ion molality- based activity coefficient is used in the specification of the pH scale for single ions. Therefore, we need to know what species index is Cl-. If the species isn't in the species list then this routine returns -1, and we can't use the NBS pH scale.

Right now we use a restrictive interpretation. The species must be named "Cl-". It must consist of exactly one Cl and one E atom.

Definition at line 309 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Phase::elementName(), Phase::m_kk, Phase::nAtoms(), Phase::nElements(), Cantera::npos, and Phase::speciesName().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::initThermo().

Member Data Documentation

◆ m_pHScalingType

int m_pHScalingType

protected

Scaling to be used for output of single-ion species activity coefficients.

Index of the species to be used in the single-ion scaling law. This is the identity of the Cl- species for the PHSCALE_NBS scaling. Either PHSCALE_PITZER or PHSCALE_NBS

Definition at line 576 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by HMWSoln::applyphScale(), MolalityVPSSTP::pHScale(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dP(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT2(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setpHScale().

◆ m_indexCLM

size_t m_indexCLM

protected

Index of the phScale species.

Index of the species to be used in the single-ion scaling law. This is the identity of the Cl- species for the PHSCALE_NBS scaling

Definition at line 583 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by HMWSoln::applyphScale(), MolalityVPSSTP::initThermo(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dP(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT(), and HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT2().

◆ m_weightSolvent

doublereal m_weightSolvent

protected

Molecular weight of the Solvent.

Definition at line 586 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::addSpecies(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_d2lnMolalityActCoeff_dT2(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dP(), and HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dT().

◆ m_xmolSolventMIN

doublereal m_xmolSolventMIN

protected

In any molality implementation, it makes sense to have a minimum solvent mole fraction requirement, since the implementation becomes singular in the xmolSolvent=0 limit. The default is to set it to 0.01. We then modify the molality definition to ensure that molal_solvent = 0 when xmol_solvent = 0.

Definition at line 595 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), IdealMolalSoln::getActivities(), MolalityVPSSTP::getActivityCoefficients(), IdealMolalSoln::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), MolalityVPSSTP::moleFSolventMin(), HMWSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), IdealMolalSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setMoleFSolventMin().

◆ m_Mnaught

doublereal m_Mnaught

protected

This is the multiplication factor that goes inside log expressions involving the molalities of species.

It's equal to Wt_0 / 1000, where Wt_0 = weight of solvent (kg/kmol)

Definition at line 600 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by DebyeHuckel::_lnactivityWaterHelgesonFixedForm(), MolalityVPSSTP::addSpecies(), MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), HMWSoln::calcMolalitiesCropped(), MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalities(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and HMWSoln::standardConcentration().

◆ m_molalities

vector_fp m_molalities

mutableprotected

Current value of the molalities of the species in the phase.

Note this vector is a mutable quantity. units are (kg/kmol)

Definition at line 604 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by DebyeHuckel::_lnactivityWaterHelgesonFixedForm(), MolalityVPSSTP::addSpecies(), MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), HMWSoln::calcMolalitiesCropped(), DebyeHuckel::getActivities(), HMWSoln::getActivities(), IdealMolalSoln::getActivities(), DebyeHuckel::getChemPotentials(), HMWSoln::getChemPotentials(), IdealMolalSoln::getChemPotentials(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalities(), DebyeHuckel::getPartialMolarEntropies(), HMWSoln::getPartialMolarEntropies(), IdealMolalSoln::getPartialMolarEntropies(), MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient(), DebyeHuckel::s_update_lnMolalityActCoeff(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_lnMolalityActCoeff(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalities().

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

Public Member Functions

Protected Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Private Member Functions

Detailed Description

SetState Strategy

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ MolalityVPSSTP()

Member Function Documentation

◆ phaseOfMatter()

◆ setpHScale()

◆ pHScale()

◆ setMoleFSolventMin()

◆ moleFSolventMin()

◆ calcMolalities()

◆ getMolalities()

◆ setMolalities()

◆ setMolalitiesByName() [1/2]

◆ setMolalitiesByName() [2/2]

◆ activityConvention()

◆ getActivityConcentrations()

◆ standardConcentration()

◆ getActivities()

◆ getActivityCoefficients()

◆ getMolalityActivityCoefficients()

◆ osmoticCoefficient()

◆ setStateFromXML()

◆ addSpecies()

◆ initThermo()

◆ setState_TPM() [1/3]

◆ setState_TPM() [2/3]

◆ setState_TPM() [3/3]

◆ setState()

◆ getdlnActCoeffdlnN()

◆ report()

◆ getCsvReportData()

◆ getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients()

◆ applyphScale()

◆ findCLMIndex()

Member Data Documentation

◆ m_pHScalingType

◆ m_indexCLM

◆ m_weightSolvent

◆ m_xmolSolventMIN

◆ m_Mnaught

◆ m_molalities