#include <MolalityVPSSTP.h>

Inheritance diagram for MolalityVPSSTP:

Collaboration diagram for MolalityVPSSTP:

Public Member Functions
	MolalityVPSSTP ()
	Default Constructor. More...

	MolalityVPSSTP (const MolalityVPSSTP &b)
	Copy constructor. More...

MolalityVPSSTP &	operator= (const MolalityVPSSTP &b)
	Assignment operator. More...

virtual ThermoPhase *	duplMyselfAsThermoPhase () const
	Duplication routine for objects which inherit from ThermoPhase. More...

virtual void	setStateFromXML (const XML_Node &state)
	Set equation of state parameter values from XML entries. More...

void	setState_TPM (doublereal t, doublereal p, const doublereal *const molalities)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities (gmol kg-1) of the solutes. More...

void	setState_TPM (doublereal t, doublereal p, compositionMap &m)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities. More...

void	setState_TPM (doublereal t, doublereal p, const std::string &m)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnN (const size_t ld, doublereal *const dlnActCoeffdlnN)
	Get the array of derivatives of the log activity coefficients with respect to the log of the species mole numbers. More...

virtual std::string	report (bool show_thermo=true) const
	returns a summary of the state of the phase as a string More...

Utilities
virtual int	eosType () const
	Equation of state type flag. More...

void	setpHScale (const int pHscaleType)
	Set the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients. More...

int	pHScale () const
	Reports the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients. More...

Utilities for Solvent ID and Molality
void	setSolvent (size_t k)
	This routine sets the index number of the solvent for the phase. More...

size_t	solventIndex () const
	Returns the solvent index. More...

void	setMoleFSolventMin (doublereal xmolSolventMIN)
	Sets the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation. More...

doublereal	moleFSolventMin () const
	Returns the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation. More...

void	calcMolalities () const
	Calculates the molality of all species and stores the result internally. More...

void	getMolalities (doublereal *const molal) const
	This function will return the molalities of the species. More...

void	setMolalities (const doublereal *const molal)
	Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase. More...

void	setMolalitiesByName (compositionMap &xMap)
	Set the molalities of a phase. More...

void	setMolalitiesByName (const std::string &name)
	Set the molalities of a phase. More...

Activities, Standard States, and Activity Concentrations
The activity \(a_k\) of a species in solution is related to the chemical potential by \[ \mu_k = \mu_k^0(T) + \hat R T \log a_k. \] The quantity \(\mu_k^0(T,P)\) is the chemical potential at unit activity, which depends only on temperature and pressure.
int	activityConvention () const
	This method returns the activity convention. More...

virtual void	getActivityConcentrations (doublereal *c) const
	This method returns an array of generalized concentrations \( C_k\) that are defined such that \( a_k = C_k / C^0_k, \) where \( C^0_k \) is a standard concentration defined below. More...

virtual doublereal	standardConcentration (size_t k=0) const
	The standard concentration \( C^0_k \) used to normalize the generalized concentration. More...

virtual doublereal	logStandardConc (size_t k=0) const
	Returns the natural logarithm of the standard concentration of the kth species. More...

virtual void	getUnitsStandardConc (double *uA, int k=0, int sizeUA=6) const
	Returns the units of the standard and generalized concentrations Note they have the same units, as their ratio is defined to be equal to the activity of the kth species in the solution, which is unitless. More...

virtual void	getActivities (doublereal *ac) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional activities (molality based for this class and classes that derive from it) at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

void	getActivityCoefficients (doublereal *ac) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual void	getMolalityActivityCoefficients (doublereal *acMolality) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual double	osmoticCoefficient () const
	Calculate the osmotic coefficient. More...

Partial Molar Properties of the Solution
void	getElectrochemPotentials (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the species electrochemical potentials. More...

Chemical Equilibrium
Routines that implement the Chemical equilibrium capability for a single phase, based on the element-potential method.
virtual void	setToEquilState (const doublereal *lambda_RT)
	This method is used by the ChemEquil element-potential based equilibrium solver. More...

Initialization
The following methods are used in the process of constructing the phase and setting its parameters from a specification in an input file. They are not normally used in application programs. To see how they are used, see files importCTML.cpp and ThermoFactory.cpp.
virtual void	initThermo ()
	Initialize the ThermoPhase object after all species have been set up. More...

void	initThermoXML (XML_Node &phaseNode, const std::string &id)
	Import and initialize a ThermoPhase object. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from VPStandardStateTP
	VPStandardStateTP ()
	Constructor. More...

	VPStandardStateTP (const VPStandardStateTP &b)
	Copy Constructor. More...

VPStandardStateTP &	operator= (const VPStandardStateTP &b)
	Assignment operator. More...

virtual	~VPStandardStateTP ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual int	standardStateConvention () const
	This method returns the convention used in specification of the standard state, of which there are currently two, temperature based, and variable pressure based. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnN_diag (doublereal *dlnActCoeffdlnN_diag) const
	Get the array of log concentration-like derivatives of the log activity coefficients. More...

void	getChemPotentials_RT (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional species chemical potentials. More...

virtual void	getStandardChemPotentials (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the array of chemical potentials at unit activity. More...

virtual void	getEnthalpy_RT (doublereal *hrt) const
	Get the nondimensional Enthalpy functions for the species at their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getEntropy_R (doublereal *sr) const
	Get the array of nondimensional Enthalpy functions for the standard state species at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getGibbs_RT (doublereal *grt) const
	Get the nondimensional Gibbs functions for the species at their standard states of solution at the current T and P of the solution. More...

void	getPureGibbs (doublereal *gpure) const
	Get the standard state Gibbs functions for each species at the current T and P. More...

virtual void	getIntEnergy_RT (doublereal *urt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional internal Energies of the standard state at the current temperature and pressure of the solution for each species. More...

virtual void	getCp_R (doublereal *cpr) const
	Get the nondimensional Heat Capacities at constant pressure for the standard state of the species at the current T and P. More...

virtual void	getStandardVolumes (doublereal *vol) const
	Get the molar volumes of each species in their standard states at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual const vector_fp &	getStandardVolumes () const

virtual void	setTemperature (const doublereal temp)
	Set the temperature of the phase. More...

virtual void	setPressure (doublereal p)
	Set the internally stored pressure (Pa) at constant temperature and composition. More...

virtual void	setState_TP (doublereal T, doublereal pres)
	Set the temperature and pressure at the same time. More...

doublereal	pressure () const
	Returns the current pressure of the phase. More...

virtual void	updateStandardStateThermo () const
	Updates the standard state thermodynamic functions at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getEnthalpy_RT_ref (doublereal *hrt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional enthalpies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species. More...

virtual void	getGibbs_RT_ref (doublereal *grt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional Gibbs free energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for the species. More...

virtual void	getGibbs_ref (doublereal *g) const

virtual void	getEntropy_R_ref (doublereal *er) const

virtual void	getCp_R_ref (doublereal *cprt) const

virtual void	getStandardVolumes_ref (doublereal *vol) const
	Get the molar volumes of the species reference states at the current T and P_ref of the solution. More...

virtual void	setParametersFromXML (const XML_Node &eosdata)
	Set equation of state parameter values from XML entries. More...

void	setVPSSMgr (VPSSMgr *vp_ptr)
	set the VPSS Mgr More...

VPSSMgr *	provideVPSSMgr ()
	Return a pointer to the VPSSMgr for this phase. More...

void	createInstallPDSS (size_t k, const XML_Node &s, const XML_Node *phaseNode_ptr)

PDSS *	providePDSS (size_t k)

const PDSS *	providePDSS (size_t k) const

Public Member Functions inherited from ThermoPhase
	ThermoPhase ()
	Constructor. More...

virtual	~ThermoPhase ()
	Destructor. Deletes the species thermo manager. More...

	ThermoPhase (const ThermoPhase &right)
	Copy Constructor for the ThermoPhase object. More...

ThermoPhase &	operator= (const ThermoPhase &right)
	Assignment operator. More...

doublereal	_RT () const
	Return the Gas Constant multiplied by the current temperature. More...

virtual doublereal	refPressure () const
	Returns the reference pressure in Pa. More...

virtual doublereal	minTemp (size_t k=npos) const
	Minimum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species or phase are valid. More...

doublereal	Hf298SS (const int k) const
	Report the 298 K Heat of Formation of the standard state of one species (J kmol-1) More...

virtual void	modifyOneHf298SS (const int k, const doublereal Hf298New)
	Modify the value of the 298 K Heat of Formation of one species in the phase (J kmol-1) More...

virtual doublereal	maxTemp (size_t k=npos) const
	Maximum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the species are valid. More...

bool	chargeNeutralityNecessary () const
	Returns the chargeNeutralityNecessity boolean. More...

virtual doublereal	enthalpy_mole () const
	Molar enthalpy. Units: J/kmol. More...

virtual doublereal	intEnergy_mole () const
	Molar internal energy. Units: J/kmol. More...

virtual doublereal	entropy_mole () const
	Molar entropy. Units: J/kmol/K. More...

virtual doublereal	gibbs_mole () const
	Molar Gibbs function. Units: J/kmol. More...

virtual doublereal	cp_mole () const
	Molar heat capacity at constant pressure. Units: J/kmol/K. More...

virtual doublereal	cv_mole () const
	Molar heat capacity at constant volume. Units: J/kmol/K. More...

virtual doublereal	cv_vib (int, double) const

virtual doublereal	isothermalCompressibility () const
	Returns the isothermal compressibility. Units: 1/Pa. More...

virtual doublereal	thermalExpansionCoeff () const
	Return the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient. Units: 1/K. More...

void	setElectricPotential (doublereal v)
	Set the electric potential of this phase (V). More...

doublereal	electricPotential () const
	Returns the electric potential of this phase (V). More...

virtual void	getLnActivityCoefficients (doublereal *lnac) const
	Get the array of non-dimensional molar-based ln activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual void	getChemPotentials (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the species chemical potentials. Units: J/kmol. More...

void	getElectrochemPotentials (doublereal *mu) const
	Get the species electrochemical potentials. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarEnthalpies (doublereal *hbar) const
	Returns an array of partial molar enthalpies for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarEntropies (doublereal *sbar) const
	Returns an array of partial molar entropies of the species in the solution. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarIntEnergies (doublereal *ubar) const
	Return an array of partial molar internal energies for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarCp (doublereal *cpbar) const
	Return an array of partial molar heat capacities for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getPartialMolarVolumes (doublereal *vbar) const
	Return an array of partial molar volumes for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getdPartialMolarVolumes_dT (doublereal *d_vbar_dT) const
	Return an array of derivatives of partial molar volumes wrt temperature for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getdPartialMolarVolumes_dP (doublereal *d_vbar_dP) const
	Return an array of derivatives of partial molar volumes wrt pressure for the species in the mixture. More...

virtual void	getdStandardVolumes_dT (doublereal *d_vol_dT) const
	Get the derivative of the molar volumes of the species standard states wrt temperature at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getdStandardVolumes_dP (doublereal *d_vol_dP) const
	Get the derivative molar volumes of the species standard states wrt pressure at the current T and P of the solution. More...

virtual void	getIntEnergy_RT_ref (doublereal *urt) const
	Returns the vector of nondimensional internal Energies of the reference state at the current temperature of the solution and the reference pressure for each species. More...

virtual void	setReferenceComposition (const doublereal *const x)
	Sets the reference composition. More...

virtual void	getReferenceComposition (doublereal *const x) const
	Gets the reference composition. More...

doublereal	enthalpy_mass () const
	Specific enthalpy. More...

doublereal	intEnergy_mass () const
	Specific internal energy. More...

doublereal	entropy_mass () const
	Specific entropy. More...

doublereal	gibbs_mass () const
	Specific Gibbs function. More...

doublereal	cp_mass () const
	Specific heat at constant pressure. More...

doublereal	cv_mass () const
	Specific heat at constant volume. More...

void	setElementPotentials (const vector_fp &lambda)
	Stores the element potentials in the ThermoPhase object. More...

bool	getElementPotentials (doublereal *lambda) const
	Returns the element potentials stored in the ThermoPhase object. More...

virtual doublereal	critTemperature () const
	Critical temperature (K). More...

virtual doublereal	critPressure () const
	Critical pressure (Pa). More...

virtual doublereal	critDensity () const
	Critical density (kg/m3). More...

virtual doublereal	satTemperature (doublereal p) const
	Return the saturation temperature given the pressure. More...

virtual doublereal	satPressure (doublereal t)
	Return the saturation pressure given the temperature. More...

virtual doublereal	vaporFraction () const
	Return the fraction of vapor at the current conditions. More...

virtual void	setState_Tsat (doublereal t, doublereal x)
	Set the state to a saturated system at a particular temperature. More...

virtual void	setState_Psat (doublereal p, doublereal x)
	Set the state to a saturated system at a particular pressure. More...

void	saveSpeciesData (const size_t k, const XML_Node *const data)
	Store a reference pointer to the XML tree containing the species data for this phase. More...

const std::vector< const XML_Node * > &	speciesData () const
	Return a pointer to the vector of XML nodes containing the species data for this phase. More...

void	setSpeciesThermo (SpeciesThermo *spthermo)
	Install a species thermodynamic property manager. More...

virtual SpeciesThermo &	speciesThermo (int k=-1)
	Return a changeable reference to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties. More...

virtual void	initThermoFile (const std::string &inputFile, const std::string &id)

virtual void	installSlavePhases (Cantera::XML_Node *phaseNode)
	Add in species from Slave phases. More...

virtual void	setParameters (int n, doublereal *const c)
	Set the equation of state parameters. More...

virtual void	getParameters (int &n, doublereal *const c) const
	Get the equation of state parameters in a vector. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffds (const doublereal dTds, const doublereal const dXds, doublereal dlnActCoeffds) const
	Get the change in activity coefficients wrt changes in state (temp, mole fraction, etc) along a line in parameter space or along a line in physical space. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnX_diag (doublereal *dlnActCoeffdlnX_diag) const
	Get the array of ln mole fraction derivatives of the log activity coefficients - diagonal component only. More...

virtual void	getdlnActCoeffdlnN_numderiv (const size_t ld, doublereal *const dlnActCoeffdlnN)

virtual void	reportCSV (std::ofstream &csvFile) const
	returns a summary of the state of the phase to a comma separated file. More...

virtual void	setState_TPX (doublereal t, doublereal p, const doublereal *x)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_TPX (doublereal t, doublereal p, compositionMap &x)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_TPX (doublereal t, doublereal p, const std::string &x)
	Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_TPY (doublereal t, doublereal p, const doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_TPY (doublereal t, doublereal p, compositionMap &y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_TPY (doublereal t, doublereal p, const std::string &y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and mass fractions of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_PX (doublereal p, doublereal *x)
	Set the pressure (Pa) and mole fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_PY (doublereal p, doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored pressure (Pa) and mass fractions. More...

virtual void	setState_HP (doublereal h, doublereal p, doublereal tol=1.e-4)
	Set the internally stored specific enthalpy (J/kg) and pressure (Pa) of the phase. More...

virtual void	setState_UV (doublereal u, doublereal v, doublereal tol=1.e-4)
	Set the specific internal energy (J/kg) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...

virtual void	setState_SP (doublereal s, doublereal p, doublereal tol=1.e-4)
	Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and pressure (Pa). More...

virtual void	setState_SV (doublereal s, doublereal v, doublereal tol=1.e-4)
	Set the specific entropy (J/kg/K) and specific volume (m^3/kg). More...

Public Member Functions inherited from Phase
	Phase ()
	Default constructor. More...

virtual	~Phase ()
	Destructor. More...

	Phase (const Phase &right)
	Copy Constructor. More...

Phase &	operator= (const Phase &right)
	Assignment operator. More...

XML_Node &	xml ()
	Returns a reference to the XML_Node stored for the phase. More...

void	saveState (vector_fp &state) const
	Save the current internal state of the phase Write to vector 'state' the current internal state. More...

void	saveState (size_t lenstate, doublereal *state) const
	Write to array 'state' the current internal state. More...

void	restoreState (const vector_fp &state)
	Restore a state saved on a previous call to saveState. More...

void	restoreState (size_t lenstate, const doublereal *state)
	Restore the state of the phase from a previously saved state vector. More...

doublereal	molecularWeight (size_t k) const
	Molecular weight of species `k`. More...

void	getMolecularWeights (vector_fp &weights) const
	Copy the vector of molecular weights into vector weights. More...

void	getMolecularWeights (doublereal *weights) const
	Copy the vector of molecular weights into array weights. More...

const vector_fp &	molecularWeights () const
	Return a const reference to the internal vector of molecular weights. More...

doublereal	size (size_t k) const
	This routine returns the size of species k. More...

doublereal	charge (size_t k) const
	Dimensionless electrical charge of a single molecule of species k The charge is normalized by the the magnitude of the electron charge. More...

doublereal	chargeDensity () const
	Charge density [C/m^3]. More...

size_t	nDim () const
	Returns the number of spatial dimensions (1, 2, or 3) More...

void	setNDim (size_t ndim)
	Set the number of spatial dimensions (1, 2, or 3). More...

virtual void	freezeSpecies ()
	Call when finished adding species. More...

bool	speciesFrozen ()
	True if freezeSpecies has been called. More...

virtual bool	ready () const

int	stateMFNumber () const
	Return the State Mole Fraction Number. More...

std::string	id () const
	Return the string id for the phase. More...

void	setID (const std::string &id)
	Set the string id for the phase. More...

std::string	name () const
	Return the name of the phase. More...

void	setName (const std::string &nm)
	Sets the string name for the phase. More...

std::string	elementName (size_t m) const
	Name of the element with index m. More...

size_t	elementIndex (const std::string &name) const
	Return the index of element named 'name'. More...

const std::vector< std::string > &	elementNames () const
	Return a read-only reference to the vector of element names. More...

doublereal	atomicWeight (size_t m) const
	Atomic weight of element m. More...

doublereal	entropyElement298 (size_t m) const
	Entropy of the element in its standard state at 298 K and 1 bar. More...

int	atomicNumber (size_t m) const
	Atomic number of element m. More...

int	elementType (size_t m) const
	Return the element constraint type Possible types include: More...

int	changeElementType (int m, int elem_type)
	Change the element type of the mth constraint Reassigns an element type. More...

const vector_fp &	atomicWeights () const
	Return a read-only reference to the vector of atomic weights. More...

size_t	nElements () const
	Number of elements. More...

void	checkElementIndex (size_t m) const
	Check that the specified element index is in range Throws an exception if m is greater than nElements()-1. More...

void	checkElementArraySize (size_t mm) const
	Check that an array size is at least nElements() Throws an exception if mm is less than nElements(). More...

doublereal	nAtoms (size_t k, size_t m) const
	Number of atoms of element `m` in species `k`. More...

void	getAtoms (size_t k, double *atomArray) const
	Get a vector containing the atomic composition of species k. More...

size_t	speciesIndex (const std::string &name) const
	Returns the index of a species named 'name' within the Phase object. More...

std::string	speciesName (size_t k) const
	Name of the species with index k. More...

std::string	speciesSPName (int k) const
	Returns the expanded species name of a species, including the phase name This is guaranteed to be unique within a Cantera problem. More...

const std::vector< std::string > &	speciesNames () const
	Return a const reference to the vector of species names. More...

size_t	nSpecies () const
	Returns the number of species in the phase. More...

void	checkSpeciesIndex (size_t k) const
	Check that the specified species index is in range Throws an exception if k is greater than nSpecies()-1. More...

void	checkSpeciesArraySize (size_t kk) const
	Check that an array size is at least nSpecies() Throws an exception if kk is less than nSpecies(). More...

void	setMoleFractionsByName (compositionMap &xMap)
	Set the species mole fractions by name. More...

void	setMoleFractionsByName (const std::string &x)
	Set the mole fractions of a group of species by name. More...

void	setMassFractionsByName (compositionMap &yMap)
	Set the species mass fractions by name. More...

void	setMassFractionsByName (const std::string &x)
	Set the species mass fractions by name. More...

void	setState_TRX (doublereal t, doublereal dens, const doublereal *x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TRX (doublereal t, doublereal dens, compositionMap &x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TRY (doublereal t, doublereal dens, const doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mass fractions. More...

void	setState_TRY (doublereal t, doublereal dens, compositionMap &y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), density, and mass fractions. More...

void	setState_TNX (doublereal t, doublereal n, const doublereal *x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K), molar density (kmol/m^3), and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TR (doublereal t, doublereal rho)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K) and density (kg/m^3) More...

void	setState_TX (doublereal t, doublereal *x)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K) and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_TY (doublereal t, doublereal *y)
	Set the internally stored temperature (K) and mass fractions. More...

void	setState_RX (doublereal rho, doublereal *x)
	Set the density (kg/m^3) and mole fractions. More...

void	setState_RY (doublereal rho, doublereal *y)
	Set the density (kg/m^3) and mass fractions. More...

void	getMoleFractionsByName (compositionMap &x) const
	Get the mole fractions by name. More...

doublereal	moleFraction (size_t k) const
	Return the mole fraction of a single species. More...

doublereal	moleFraction (const std::string &name) const
	Return the mole fraction of a single species. More...

doublereal	massFraction (size_t k) const
	Return the mass fraction of a single species. More...

doublereal	massFraction (const std::string &name) const
	Return the mass fraction of a single species. More...

void	getMoleFractions (doublereal *const x) const
	Get the species mole fraction vector. More...

virtual void	setMoleFractions (const doublereal *const x)
	Set the mole fractions to the specified values There is no restriction on the sum of the mole fraction vector. More...

virtual void	setMoleFractions_NoNorm (const doublereal *const x)
	Set the mole fractions to the specified values without normalizing. More...

void	getMassFractions (doublereal *const y) const
	Get the species mass fractions. More...

const doublereal *	massFractions () const
	Return a const pointer to the mass fraction array. More...

virtual void	setMassFractions (const doublereal *const y)
	Set the mass fractions to the specified values and normalize them. More...

virtual void	setMassFractions_NoNorm (const doublereal *const y)
	Set the mass fractions to the specified values without normalizing. More...

void	getConcentrations (doublereal *const c) const
	Get the species concentrations (kmol/m^3). More...

doublereal	concentration (const size_t k) const
	Concentration of species k. More...

virtual void	setConcentrations (const doublereal *const conc)
	Set the concentrations to the specified values within the phase. More...

const doublereal *	moleFractdivMMW () const
	Returns a const pointer to the start of the moleFraction/MW array. More...

doublereal	temperature () const
	Temperature (K). More...

virtual doublereal	density () const
	Density (kg/m^3). More...

doublereal	molarDensity () const
	Molar density (kmol/m^3). More...

doublereal	molarVolume () const
	Molar volume (m^3/kmol). More...

virtual void	setDensity (const doublereal density_)
	Set the internally stored density (kg/m^3) of the phase Note the density of a phase is an independent variable. More...

virtual void	setMolarDensity (const doublereal molarDensity)
	Set the internally stored molar density (kmol/m^3) of the phase. More...

doublereal	mean_X (const doublereal *const Q) const
	Evaluate the mole-fraction-weighted mean of an array Q. More...

doublereal	mean_Y (const doublereal *const Q) const
	Evaluate the mass-fraction-weighted mean of an array Q. More...

doublereal	meanMolecularWeight () const
	The mean molecular weight. Units: (kg/kmol) More...

doublereal	sum_xlogx () const
	Evaluate \( \sum_k X_k \log X_k \). More...

doublereal	sum_xlogQ (doublereal *const Q) const
	Evaluate \( \sum_k X_k \log Q_k \). More...

void	addElement (const std::string &symbol, doublereal weight=-12345.0)
	Add an element. More...

void	addElement (const XML_Node &e)
	Add an element from an XML specification. More...

void	addUniqueElement (const std::string &symbol, doublereal weight=-12345.0, int atomicNumber=0, doublereal entropy298=ENTROPY298_UNKNOWN, int elem_type=CT_ELEM_TYPE_ABSPOS)
	Add an element, checking for uniqueness The uniqueness is checked by comparing the string symbol. More...

void	addUniqueElement (const XML_Node &e)
	Add an element, checking for uniqueness The uniqueness is checked by comparing the string symbol. More...

void	addElementsFromXML (const XML_Node &phase)
	Add all elements referenced in an XML_Node tree. More...

void	freezeElements ()
	Prohibit addition of more elements, and prepare to add species. More...

bool	elementsFrozen ()
	True if freezeElements has been called. More...

size_t	addUniqueElementAfterFreeze (const std::string &symbol, doublereal weight, int atomicNumber, doublereal entropy298=ENTROPY298_UNKNOWN, int elem_type=CT_ELEM_TYPE_ABSPOS)
	Add an element after elements have been frozen, checking for uniqueness The uniqueness is checked by comparing the string symbol. More...

void	addSpecies (const std::string &name, const doublereal *comp, doublereal charge=0.0, doublereal size=1.0)

void	addUniqueSpecies (const std::string &name, const doublereal *comp, doublereal charge=0.0, doublereal size=1.0)
	Add a species to the phase, checking for uniqueness of the name This routine checks for uniqueness of the string name. More...

Protected Member Functions
virtual void	getCsvReportData (std::vector< std::string > &names, std::vector< vector_fp > &data) const
	Fills `names` and `data` with the column names and species thermo properties to be included in the output of the reportCSV method. More...

virtual void	getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients (doublereal *acMolality) const
	Get the array of unscaled non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration. More...

virtual void	applyphScale (doublereal *acMolality) const
	Apply the current phScale to a set of activity Coefficients or activities. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from VPStandardStateTP
virtual void	calcDensity ()
	Calculate the density of the mixture using the partial molar volumes and mole fractions as input. More...

virtual void	_updateStandardStateThermo () const
	Updates the standard state thermodynamic functions at the current T and P of the solution. More...

const vector_fp &	Gibbs_RT_ref () const

Protected Member Functions inherited from Phase
void	init (const vector_fp &mw)

void	setMolecularWeight (const int k, const double mw)
	Set the molecular weight of a single species to a given value. More...

Protected Attributes
size_t	m_indexSolvent
	Index of the solvent. More...

int	m_pHScalingType
	Scaling to be used for output of single-ion species activity coefficients. More...

size_t	m_indexCLM
	Index of the phScale species. More...

doublereal	m_weightSolvent
	Molecular weight of the Solvent. More...

doublereal	m_xmolSolventMIN

doublereal	m_Mnaught
	This is the multiplication factor that goes inside log expressions involving the molalities of species. More...

vector_fp	m_molalities
	Current value of the molalities of the species in the phase. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from VPStandardStateTP
doublereal	m_Pcurrent
	Current value of the pressure - state variable. More...

doublereal	m_Tlast_ss
	The last temperature at which the standard statethermodynamic properties were calculated at. More...

doublereal	m_Plast_ss
	The last pressure at which the Standard State thermodynamic properties were calculated at. More...

doublereal	m_P0

VPSSMgr *	m_VPSS_ptr
	Pointer to the VPSS manager that calculates all of the standard state info efficiently. More...

std::vector< PDSS * >	m_PDSS_storage
	Storage for the PDSS objects for the species. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from ThermoPhase
SpeciesThermo *	m_spthermo
	Pointer to the calculation manager for species reference-state thermodynamic properties. More...

std::vector< const XML_Node * >	m_speciesData
	Vector of pointers to the species databases. More...

doublereal	m_phi
	Stored value of the electric potential for this phase. More...

vector_fp	m_lambdaRRT
	Vector of element potentials. More...

bool	m_hasElementPotentials
	Boolean indicating whether there is a valid set of saved element potentials for this phase. More...

bool	m_chargeNeutralityNecessary
	Boolean indicating whether a charge neutrality condition is a necessity. More...

int	m_ssConvention
	Contains the standard state convention. More...

std::vector< doublereal >	xMol_Ref
	Reference Mole Fraction Composition. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from Phase
size_t	m_kk
	Number of species in the phase. More...

size_t	m_ndim
	Dimensionality of the phase. More...

vector_fp	m_speciesComp
	Atomic composition of the species. More...

vector_fp	m_speciesSize
	Vector of species sizes. More...

vector_fp	m_speciesCharge
	Vector of species charges. length m_kk. More...

Private Member Functions
virtual size_t	findCLMIndex () const
	Returns the index of the Cl- species. More...

void	initLengths ()
	Initialize lengths of local variables after all species have been identified. More...

doublereal	err (const std::string &msg) const
	Error function. More...

Detailed Description

MolalityVPSSTP is a derived class of ThermoPhase that handles variable pressure standard state methods for calculating thermodynamic properties that are further based on molality-scaled activities. This category incorporates most of the methods for calculating liquid electrolyte thermodynamics that have been developed since the 1970's.

This class adds additional functions onto the ThermoPhase interface that handle molality based standard states. The ThermoPhase class includes a member function, ThermoPhase::activityConvention() that indicates which convention the activities are based on. The default is to assume activities are based on the molar convention. However, classes which derive from the MolalityVPSSTP class return cAC_CONVENTION_MOLALITY from this member function.

The molality of a solute, \( m_i \), is defined as

\[ m_i = \frac{n_i}{\tilde{M}_o n_o} \]

where

\[ \tilde{M}_o = \frac{M_o}{1000} \]

where \( M_o \) is the molecular weight of the solvent. The molality has units of gmol kg^-1. For the solute, the molality may be considered as the amount of gmol's of solute per kg of solvent, a natural experimental quantity.

The formulas for calculating mole fractions if given the molalities of the solutes is stated below. First calculate \( L^{sum} \), an intermediate quantity.

\[ L^{sum} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o X_o} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o} + \sum_{i\ne o} m_i \]

Then,

\[ X_o = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o L^{sum}} \]

\[ X_i = \frac{m_i}{L^{sum}} \]

where \( X_o \) is the mole fraction of solvent, and \( X_o \) is the mole fraction of solute i. Thus, the molality scale and the mole fraction scale offer a one-to-one mapping between each other, except in the limit of a zero solvent mole fraction.

The standard states for thermodynamic objects that derive from MolalityVPSSTP are on the unit molality basis. Chemical potentials of the solutes, \( \mu_k \), and the solvent, \( \mu_o \), which are based on the molality form, have the following general format:

\[ \mu_k = \mu^{\triangle}_k(T,P) + R T ln(\gamma_k^{\triangle} \frac{m_k}{m^\triangle}) \]

\[ \mu_o = \mu^o_o(T,P) + RT ln(a_o) \]

where \( \gamma_k^{\triangle} \) is the molality based activity coefficient for species \(k\).

The chemical potential of the solvent is thus expressed in a different format than the chemical potential of the solutes. Additionally, the activity of the solvent, \( a_o \), is further reexpressed in terms of an osmotic coefficient, \( \phi \).

\[ \phi = \frac{- ln(a_o)}{\tilde{M}_o \sum_{i \ne o} m_i} \]

MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient() returns the value of \( \phi \). Note there are a few of definitions of the osmotic coefficient floating around. We use the one defined in (Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, K. S. Pitzer CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991, p. 85, Eqn. 28). This definition is most clearly related to theoretical calculation.

The molar-based activity coefficients \( \gamma_k \) may be calculated from the molality-based activity coefficients, \( \gamma_k^\triangle \) by the following formula.

\[ \gamma_k = \frac{\gamma_k^\triangle}{X_o} \]

For purposes of establishing a convention, the molar activity coefficient of the solvent is set equal to the molality-based activity coefficient of the solvent:

\[ \gamma_o = \gamma_o^\triangle \]

The molality-based and molarity-based standard states may be related to one another by the following formula.

\[ \mu_k^\triangle(T,P) = \mu_k^o(T,P) + R T \ln(\tilde{M}_o m^\triangle) \]

An important convention is followed in all routines that derive from MolalityVPSSTP. Standard state thermodynamic functions and reference state thermodynamic functions return the molality-based quantities. Also all functions which return activities return the molality-based activities. The reason for this convention has been discussed in supporting memos. However, it's important because the term in the equation above is non-trivial. For example it's equal to 2.38 kcal gmol^-1 for water at 298 K.

In order to prevent a singularity, this class includes the concept of a minimum value for the solvent mole fraction. All calculations involving the formulation of activity coefficients and other non-ideal solution behavior adhere to this concept of a minimal value for the solvent mole fraction. This makes sense because these solution behavior were all designed and measured far away from the zero solvent singularity condition and are not applicable in that limit.

This objects add a layer that supports molality. It inherits from VPStandardStateTP.

All objects that derive from this are assumed to have molality based standard states.

Molality based activity coefficients are scaled according to the current pH scale. See the Eq3/6 manual for details.

Activity coefficients for species k may be altered between scales s1 to s2 using the following formula

\[ ln(\gamma_k^{s2}) = ln(\gamma_k^{s1}) + \frac{z_k}{z_j} \left( ln(\gamma_j^{s2}) - ln(\gamma_j^{s1}) \right) \]

where j is any one species. For the NBS scale, j is equal to the Cl- species and

\[ ln(\gamma_{Cl-}^{s2}) = \frac{-A_{\phi} \sqrt{I}}{1.0 + 1.5 \sqrt{I}} \]

The Pitzer scale doesn't actually change anything. The pitzer scale is defined as the raw unscaled activity coefficients produced by the underlying objects.

SetState Strategy

The MolalityVPSSTP object does not have a setState strategy concerning the molalities. It does not keep track of whether the molalities have changed. It's strictly an interfacial layer that writes the current mole fractions to the State object. When molalities are needed it recalculates the molalities from the State object's mole fraction vector.

Todo:: Make two solvent minimum fractions. One would be for calculation of the non-ideal factors. The other one would be for purposes of stoichiometry evaluation. the stoichiometry evaluation one would be a 1E-13 limit. Anything less would create problems with roundoff error.

Definition at line 189 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

MolalityVPSSTP ( )

Default Constructor.

This doesn't do much more than initialize constants with default values for water at 25C. Water molecular weight comes from the default elements.xml file. It actually differs slightly from the IAPWS95 value of 18.015268. However, density conservation and therefore element conservation is the more important principle to follow.

Definition at line 31 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References ThermoPhase::m_chargeNeutralityNecessary.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::duplMyselfAsThermoPhase().

MolalityVPSSTP ( const MolalityVPSSTP & b )

Copy constructor.

Parameters

b	class to be copied

Definition at line 48 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::operator=().

Member Function Documentation

MolalityVPSSTP & operator= ( const MolalityVPSSTP & b )

Assignment operator.

Parameters

b	class to be copied.

Definition at line 61 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexCLM, MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities, MolalityVPSSTP::m_pHScalingType, MolalityVPSSTP::m_weightSolvent, MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN, and VPStandardStateTP::operator=().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::MolalityVPSSTP(), IdealMolalSoln::operator=(), DebyeHuckel::operator=(), and HMWSoln::operator=().

ThermoPhase * duplMyselfAsThermoPhase ( ) const

virtual

Duplication routine for objects which inherit from ThermoPhase.

This virtual routine can be used to duplicate objects inherited from ThermoPhase even if the application only has a pointer to ThermoPhase to work with.

Reimplemented from VPStandardStateTP.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 77 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::MolalityVPSSTP().

int eosType ( ) const

virtual

Equation of state type flag.

The ThermoPhase base class returns zero. Subclasses should define this to return a unique non-zero value. Known constants defined for this purpose are listed in mix_defs.h. The MolalityVPSSTP class also returns zero, as it is a non-complete class.

Reimplemented from VPStandardStateTP.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 86 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::err().

void setpHScale ( const int pHscaleType )

Set the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients.

Single ion activity coefficients are not unique in terms of the representing actual measurable quantities.

Parameters

pHscaleType Integer representing the pHscale

Definition at line 91 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Cantera::int2str(), MolalityVPSSTP::m_pHScalingType, Cantera::PHSCALE_NBS, and Cantera::PHSCALE_PITZER.

int pHScale ( ) const

Reports the pH scale, which determines the scale for single-ion activity coefficients.

Single ion activity coefficients are not unique in terms of the representing actual measurable quantities.

Returns: Return the pHscale type

Definition at line 100 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_pHScalingType.

void setSolvent ( size_t k )

This routine sets the index number of the solvent for the phase.

Note, having a solvent is a precursor to many things having to do with molality.

Parameters

k	the solvent index number

Definition at line 105 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References AssertThrowMsg, MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent, Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_weightSolvent, and Phase::molecularWeight().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::initThermo(), and MolalityVPSSTP::initThermoXML().

size_t solventIndex ( ) const

Returns the solvent index.

Definition at line 118 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent.

void setMoleFSolventMin ( doublereal xmolSolventMIN )

Sets the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation.

Note the molality formulation is singular in the limit that the solvent mole fraction goes to zero. Numerically, how this limit is treated and resolved is an ongoing issue within Cantera. The minimum mole fraction must be in the range 0 to 0.9.

Parameters

xmolSolventMIN Input double containing the minimum mole fraction

Definition at line 124 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN.

Referenced by IdealMolalSoln::initThermoXML().

doublereal moleFSolventMin ( ) const

Returns the minimum mole fraction in the molality formulation.

Definition at line 134 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN.

void calcMolalities ( ) const

Calculates the molality of all species and stores the result internally.

We calculate the vector of molalities of the species in the phase and store the result internally:

\[ m_i = \frac{X_i}{1000 * M_o * X_{o,p}} \]

where

\( M_o \) is the molecular weight of the solvent
\( X_o \) is the mole fraction of the solvent
\( X_i \) is the mole fraction of the solute.
\( X_{o,p} = \max (X_{o}^{min}, X_o) \)
\( X_{o}^{min} \) = minimum mole fraction of solvent allowed in the denominator.

Definition at line 139 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References DATA_PTR, Phase::getMoleFractions(), MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent, Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities, and MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN.

Referenced by DebyeHuckel::_lnactivityWaterHelgesonFixedForm(), IdealMolalSoln::getActivities(), IdealMolalSoln::getChemPotentials(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalities(), IdealMolalSoln::getPartialMolarEntropies(), HMWSoln::printCoeffs(), DebyeHuckel::s_update_lnMolalityActCoeff(), IdealMolalSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), HMWSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalities(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName().

void getMolalities ( doublereal *const molal ) const

This function will return the molalities of the species.

We calculate the vector of molalities of the species in the phase

\[ m_i = \frac{X_i}{1000 * M_o * X_{o,p}} \]

where

\( M_o \) is the molecular weight of the solvent
\( X_o \) is the mole fraction of the solvent
\( X_i \) is the mole fraction of the solute.
\( X_{o,p} = \max (X_{o}^{min}, X_o) \)
\( X_{o}^{min} \) = minimum mole fraction of solvent allowed in the denominator.

Parameters

molal Output vector of molalities. Length: m_kk.

Definition at line 152 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), Phase::m_kk, and MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getCsvReportData(), MolalityVPSSTP::report(), and vcs_MultiPhaseEquil::reportCSV().

void setMolalities ( const doublereal *const molal )

Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase.

Note, the entry for the solvent is not used. We are supplied with the molalities of all of the solute species. We then calculate the mole fractions of all species and update the ThermoPhase object.

\[ m_i = \frac{X_i}{M_o/1000 * X_{o,p}} \]

where

\(M_o\) is the molecular weight of the solvent
\(X_o\) is the mole fraction of the solvent
\(X_i\) is the mole fraction of the solute.
\(X_{o,p} = \max(X_o^{min}, X_o)\)
\(X_o^{min}\) = minimum mole fraction of solvent allowed in the denominator.

The formulas for calculating mole fractions are

\[ L^{sum} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o X_o} = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o} + \sum_{i\ne o} m_i \]

Then,

\[ X_o = \frac{1}{\tilde{M}_o L^{sum}} \]

\[ X_i = \frac{m_i}{L^{sum}} \]

It is currently an error if the solvent mole fraction is attempted to be set to a value lower than \(X_o^{min}\).

Parameters

molal Input vector of molalities. Length: m_kk.

Definition at line 160 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), DATA_PTR, MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent, Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities, and Phase::setMoleFractions().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::setState_TPM().

void setMolalitiesByName ( compositionMap & xMap )

Set the molalities of a phase.

Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase. Note, the entry for the solvent is not used.

Parameters

xMap	Composition Map containing the molalities.

Definition at line 189 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), Phase::charge(), DATA_PTR, Phase::getMoleFractions(), MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN, Cantera::npos, Phase::nSpecies(), Phase::setMoleFractions(), and Phase::speciesName().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), MolalityVPSSTP::setState_TPM(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setStateFromXML().

void setMolalitiesByName ( const std::string & name )

Set the molalities of a phase.

Set the molalities of the solutes in a phase. Note, the entry for the solvent is not used.

Parameters

name	String containing the information for a composition map.

Definition at line 276 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Cantera::parseCompString(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and Phase::speciesNames().

int activityConvention ( ) const

virtual

This method returns the activity convention.

Currently, there are two activity conventions:

Molar-based activities: Unit activity of species at either a hypothetical pure solution of the species or at a hypothetical pure ideal solution at infinite dilution. cAC_CONVENTION_MOLAR 0 (default)
Molality based activities: unit activity of solutes at a hypothetical 1 molal solution referenced to infinite dilution at all pressures and temperatures. The solvent is still on molar basis. cAC_CONVENTION_MOLALITY 1

We set the convention to molality here.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 286 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Cantera::cAC_CONVENTION_MOLALITY.

void getActivityConcentrations ( doublereal * c ) const

virtual

This method returns an array of generalized concentrations \( C_k\) that are defined such that \( a_k = C_k / C^0_k, \) where \( C^0_k \) is a standard concentration defined below.

These generalized concentrations are used by kinetics manager classes to compute the forward and reverse rates of elementary reactions.

Parameters

c	Array of generalized concentrations. The units depend upon the implementation of the reaction rate expressions within the phase.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 291 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::err().

doublereal standardConcentration ( size_t k = 0 ) const

virtual

The standard concentration \( C^0_k \) used to normalize the generalized concentration.

In many cases, this quantity will be the same for all species in a phase - for example, for an ideal gas \( C^0_k = P/\hat R T \). For this reason, this method returns a single value, instead of an array. However, for phases in which the standard concentration is species-specific (e.g. surface species of different sizes), this method may be called with an optional parameter indicating the species.

Parameters

k	species index. Defaults to zero.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 296 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::err().

doublereal logStandardConc ( size_t k = 0 ) const

virtual

Returns the natural logarithm of the standard concentration of the kth species.

Parameters

k	species index

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 302 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::err().

void getUnitsStandardConc	(	double *	uA,
		int	k = `0`,
		int	sizeUA = `6`
	)		const

virtual

Returns the units of the standard and generalized concentrations Note they have the same units, as their ratio is defined to be equal to the activity of the kth species in the solution, which is unitless.

This routine is used in print out applications where the units are needed. Usually, MKS units are assumed throughout the program and in the XML input files.

Parameters

uA	Output vector containing the units uA[0] = kmol units - default = 1 uA[1] = m units - default = -nDim(), the number of spatial dimensions in the Phase class. uA[2] = kg units - default = 0; uA[3] = Pa(pressure) units - default = 0; uA[4] = Temperature units - default = 0; uA[5] = time units - default = 0
k	species index. Defaults to 0.
sizeUA	output int containing the size of the vector. Currently, this is equal to 6.

Deprecated:

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 370 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Phase::nDim().

void getActivities ( doublereal * ac ) const

virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional activities (molality based for this class and classes that derive from it) at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

All standard state properties for molality-based phases are evaluated consistent with the molality scale. Therefore, this function must return molality-based activities.

\[ a_i^\triangle = \gamma_k^{\triangle} \frac{m_k}{m^\triangle} \]

This function must be implemented in derived classes.

Parameters

ac	Output vector of molality-based activities. Length: m_kk.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 308 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::err().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getCsvReportData(), MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient(), and MolalityVPSSTP::report().

void getActivityCoefficients ( doublereal * ac ) const

virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

These are mole-fraction based activity coefficients. In this object, their calculation is based on translating the values of the molality-based activity coefficients. See Denbigh p. 278 for a thorough discussion.

The molar-based activity coefficients \( \gamma_k \) may be calculated from the molality-based activity coefficients, \( \gamma_k^\triangle \) by the following formula.

\[ \gamma_k = \frac{\gamma_k^\triangle}{X_o} \]

For purposes of establishing a convention, the molar activity coefficient of the solvent is set equal to the molality-based activity coefficient of the solvent:

\[ \gamma_o = \gamma_o^\triangle \]

Derived classes don't need to overload this function. This function is handled at this level.

Parameters

ac	Output vector containing the mole-fraction based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 313 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References AssertThrow, MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent, Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_xmolSolventMIN, and Phase::moleFraction().

void getMolalityActivityCoefficients ( doublereal * acMolality ) const

virtual

Get the array of non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

See Denbigh p. 278 for a thorough discussion. This class must be overwritten in classes which derive from MolalityVPSSTP. This function takes over from the molar-based activity coefficient calculation, getActivityCoefficients(), in derived classes.

These molality based activity coefficients are scaled according to the current pH scale. See the Eq3/6 manual for details.

Activity coefficients for species k may be altered between scales s1 to s2 using the following formula

\[ ln(\gamma_k^{s2}) = ln(\gamma_k^{s1}) + \frac{z_k}{z_j} \left( ln(\gamma_j^{s2}) - ln(\gamma_j^{s1}) \right) \]

where j is any one species. For the NBS scale, j is equal to the Cl- species and

\[ ln(\gamma_{Cl-}^{s2}) = \frac{-A_{\phi} \sqrt{I}}{1.0 + 1.5 \sqrt{I}} \]

Parameters

acMolality Output vector containing the molality based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 326 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::applyphScale(), and MolalityVPSSTP::getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getActivityCoefficients(), MolalityVPSSTP::getCsvReportData(), and MolalityVPSSTP::report().

doublereal osmoticCoefficient ( ) const

virtual

Calculate the osmotic coefficient.

\[ \phi = \frac{- ln(a_o)}{\tilde{M}_o \sum_{i \ne o} m_i} \]

Note there are a few of definitions of the osmotic coefficient floating around. We use the one defined in (Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, K. S. Pitzer CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991, p. 85, Eqn. 28). This definition is most clearly related to theoretical calculation.

units = dimensionless

Definition at line 332 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References DATA_PTR, MolalityVPSSTP::getActivities(), MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexSolvent, Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_Mnaught, and MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities.

void getElectrochemPotentials ( doublereal * mu ) const

Get the species electrochemical potentials.

These are partial molar quantities. This method adds a term \( Fz_k \phi_k \) to each chemical potential.

Units: J/kmol

Parameters

mu	output vector containing the species electrochemical potentials. Length: m_kk.

Definition at line 354 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Phase::charge(), ThermoPhase::electricPotential(), ThermoPhase::getChemPotentials(), and Phase::m_kk.

void setToEquilState ( const doublereal * lambda_RT )

virtual

This method is used by the ChemEquil element-potential based equilibrium solver.

It sets the state such that the chemical potentials of the species within the current phase satisfy

\[ \frac{\mu_k}{\hat R T} = \sum_m A_{k,m} \left(\frac{\lambda_m} {\hat R T}\right) \]

where \( \lambda_m \) is the element potential of element m. The temperature is unchanged. Any phase (ideal or not) that implements this method can be equilibrated by ChemEquil.

Parameters

lambda_RT Input vector containing the dimensionless element potentials.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 394 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::err(), and VPStandardStateTP::updateStandardStateThermo().

void setStateFromXML ( const XML_Node & state )

virtual

Set equation of state parameter values from XML entries.

This method is called by function importPhase() in file importCTML.cpp when processing a phase definition in an input file. It should be overloaded in subclasses to set any parameters that are specific to that particular phase model.

The MolalityVPSSTP object defines a new method for setting the concentrations of a phase. The new method is defined by a block called "soluteMolalities". If this block is found, the concentrations within that phase are set to the "name":"molalities pairs found within that XML block. The solvent concentration is then set to everything else.

The function first calls the overloaded function, VPStandardStateTP::setStateFromXML(), to pick up the parent class behavior.

usage: Overloaded functions should call this function before carrying out their own behavior.

Parameters

state An XML_Node object corresponding to the "state" entry for this phase in the input file.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 400 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References ctml::getChildValue(), ctml::getFloat(), XML_Node::hasChild(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), VPStandardStateTP::setPressure(), and ThermoPhase::setStateFromXML().

Referenced by IdealMolalSoln::initThermoXML(), and DebyeHuckel::initThermoXML().

void initThermo ( )

virtual

Initialize the ThermoPhase object after all species have been set up.

Initialize.

This method is provided to allow subclasses to perform any initialization required after all species have been added. For example, it might be used to resize internal work arrays that must have an entry for each species. The base class implementation does nothing, and subclasses that do not require initialization do not need to overload this method. When importing a CTML phase description, this method is called from ThermoPhase::initThermoXML(), which is called from importPhase(), just prior to returning from function importPhase().

See Also: importCTML.cpp

Reimplemented from VPStandardStateTP.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln, DebyeHuckel, and IdealMolalSoln.

Definition at line 433 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::findCLMIndex(), MolalityVPSSTP::initLengths(), VPStandardStateTP::initThermo(), MolalityVPSSTP::m_indexCLM, and MolalityVPSSTP::setSolvent().

Referenced by IdealMolalSoln::initThermo(), and DebyeHuckel::initThermo().

void initThermoXML	(	XML_Node &	phaseNode,
		const std::string &	id
	)

virtual

Import and initialize a ThermoPhase object.

Parameters

phaseNode	This object must be the phase node of a complete XML tree description of the phase, including all of the species data. In other words while "phase" must point to an XML phase object, it must have sibling nodes "speciesData" that describe the species in the phase.
id	ID of the phase. If nonnull, a check is done to see if phaseNode is pointing to the phase with the correct id.

Reimplemented from VPStandardStateTP.

Definition at line 523 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::initLengths(), VPStandardStateTP::initThermoXML(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setSolvent().

Referenced by IdealMolalSoln::initThermoXML().

void setState_TPM	(	doublereal	t,
		doublereal	p,
		const doublereal *const	molalities
	)

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities (gmol kg-1) of the solutes.

Parameters

t	Temperature (K)
p	Pressure (Pa)
molalities	Input vector of molalities of the solutes. Length: m_kk.

Definition at line 413 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalities(), and VPStandardStateTP::setState_TP().

void setState_TPM	(	doublereal	t,
		doublereal	p,
		compositionMap &	m
	)

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities.

Parameters

t	Temperature (K)
p	Pressure (Pa)
m	compositionMap containing the molalities

Definition at line 420 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and VPStandardStateTP::setState_TP().

void setState_TPM	(	doublereal	t,
		doublereal	p,
		const std::string &	m
	)

Set the temperature (K), pressure (Pa), and molalities.

Parameters

t	Temperature (K)
p	Pressure (Pa)
m	String which gets translated into a composition map for the molalities of the solutes.

Definition at line 426 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and VPStandardStateTP::setState_TP().

virtual void getdlnActCoeffdlnN	(	const size_t	ld,
		doublereal *const	dlnActCoeffdlnN
	)

inlinevirtual

Get the array of derivatives of the log activity coefficients with respect to the log of the species mole numbers.

Implementations should take the derivative of the logarithm of the activity coefficient with respect to a species log mole number (with all other species mole numbers held constant). The default treatment in the ThermoPhase object is to set this vector to zero.

units = 1 / kmol

dlnActCoeffdlnN[ ld * k + m] will contain the derivative of log act_coeff for the m^th species with respect to the number of moles of the k^th species.

\[ \frac{d \ln(\gamma_m) }{d \ln( n_k ) }\Bigg|_{n_i} \]

Parameters

ld	Number of rows in the matrix
dlnActCoeffdlnN	Output vector of derivatives of the log Activity Coefficients. length = m_kk * m_kk

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 712 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

std::string report ( bool show_thermo = true ) const

virtual

returns a summary of the state of the phase as a string

Format a summary of the mixture state for output.

Parameters

show_thermo If true, extra information is printed out about the thermodynamic state of the system.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 538 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References ThermoPhase::cp_mass(), ThermoPhase::cp_mole(), ThermoPhase::cv_mass(), ThermoPhase::cv_mole(), Phase::density(), ThermoPhase::electricPotential(), ThermoPhase::enthalpy_mass(), ThermoPhase::enthalpy_mole(), ThermoPhase::entropy_mass(), ThermoPhase::entropy_mole(), MolalityVPSSTP::err(), MolalityVPSSTP::getActivities(), ThermoPhase::getChemPotentials(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalities(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), Phase::getMoleFractions(), VPStandardStateTP::getStandardChemPotentials(), ThermoPhase::gibbs_mass(), ThermoPhase::gibbs_mole(), ThermoPhase::intEnergy_mass(), ThermoPhase::intEnergy_mole(), Phase::meanMolecularWeight(), Phase::name(), Cantera::npos, Phase::nSpecies(), VPStandardStateTP::pressure(), CanteraError::save(), Cantera::SmallNumber, Phase::speciesIndex(), Phase::speciesName(), and Phase::temperature().

void getCsvReportData	(	std::vector< std::string > &	names,
		std::vector< vector_fp > &	data
	)		const

protectedvirtual

Fills names and data with the column names and species thermo properties to be included in the output of the reportCSV method.

Reimplemented from ThermoPhase.

Definition at line 655 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::getActivities(), ThermoPhase::getChemPotentials(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalities(), MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), Phase::getMoleFractions(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarCp(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarEnthalpies(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarEntropies(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarIntEnergies(), ThermoPhase::getPartialMolarVolumes(), VPStandardStateTP::getStandardChemPotentials(), and Phase::nSpecies().

void getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients ( doublereal * acMolality ) const

protectedvirtual

Get the array of unscaled non-dimensional molality based activity coefficients at the current solution temperature, pressure, and solution concentration.

See Denbigh p. 278 for a thorough discussion. This class must be overwritten in classes which derive from MolalityVPSSTP. This function takes over from the molar-based activity coefficient calculation, getActivityCoefficients(), in derived classes.

Parameters

acMolality Output vector containing the molality based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln.

Definition at line 448 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::err().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients().

void applyphScale ( doublereal * acMolality ) const

protectedvirtual

Apply the current phScale to a set of activity Coefficients or activities.

See the Eq3/6 Manual for a thorough discussion.

Parameters

acMolality input/Output vector containing the molality based activity coefficients. length: m_kk.

Reimplemented in HMWSoln.

Definition at line 453 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::err().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::getMolalityActivityCoefficients().

size_t findCLMIndex ( ) const

privatevirtual

Returns the index of the Cl- species.

The Cl- species is special in the sense that its single ion molality-based activity coefficient is used in the specification of the pH scale for single ions. Therefore, we need to know what species index is Cl-. If the species isn't in the species list then this routine returns -1, and we can't use the NBS pH scale.

Right now we use a restrictive interpretation. The species must be named "Cl-". It must consist of exactly one Cl and one E atom.

Definition at line 458 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Phase::elementName(), Phase::m_kk, Phase::nAtoms(), Phase::nElements(), Cantera::npos, and Phase::speciesName().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::initThermo().

void initLengths ( )

private

Initialize lengths of local variables after all species have been identified.

Definition at line 517 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References Phase::m_kk, MolalityVPSSTP::m_molalities, and Phase::nSpecies().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::initThermo(), and MolalityVPSSTP::initThermoXML().

doublereal err ( const std::string & msg ) const

private

Error function.

Print an error string and exit

Parameters

msg	Message to be printed

Definition at line 363 of file MolalityVPSSTP.cpp.

References MolalityVPSSTP::eosType(), and Cantera::int2str().

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::applyphScale(), MolalityVPSSTP::getActivities(), MolalityVPSSTP::getActivityConcentrations(), MolalityVPSSTP::getUnscaledMolalityActivityCoefficients(), MolalityVPSSTP::logStandardConc(), MolalityVPSSTP::report(), MolalityVPSSTP::setToEquilState(), and MolalityVPSSTP::standardConcentration().

Member Data Documentation

size_t m_indexSolvent

protected

Index of the solvent.

Currently the index of the solvent is hard-coded to the value 0

Definition at line 777 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by DebyeHuckel::_lnactivityWaterHelgesonFixedForm(), MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), HMWSoln::calcMolalitiesCropped(), IdealMolalSoln::getActivities(), DebyeHuckel::getActivities(), HMWSoln::getActivities(), MolalityVPSSTP::getActivityCoefficients(), IdealMolalSoln::getChemPotentials(), DebyeHuckel::getChemPotentials(), HMWSoln::getChemPotentials(), IdealMolalSoln::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), IdealMolalSoln::getPartialMolarEntropies(), DebyeHuckel::getPartialMolarEntropies(), HMWSoln::getPartialMolarEntropies(), IdealMolalSoln::initThermoXML(), DebyeHuckel::initThermoXML(), MolalityVPSSTP::operator=(), MolalityVPSSTP::osmoticCoefficient(), DebyeHuckel::s_update_d2lnMolalityActCoeff_dT2(), DebyeHuckel::s_update_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dP(), DebyeHuckel::s_update_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dT(), DebyeHuckel::s_update_lnMolalityActCoeff(), IdealMolalSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), HMWSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_d2lnMolalityActCoeff_dT2(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dP(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dT(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_lnMolalityActCoeff(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalities(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), MolalityVPSSTP::setSolvent(), MolalityVPSSTP::solventIndex(), IdealMolalSoln::standardConcentration(), DebyeHuckel::standardConcentration(), and HMWSoln::standardConcentration().

int m_pHScalingType

protected

Scaling to be used for output of single-ion species activity coefficients.

Index of the species to be used in the single-ion scaling law. This is the identity of the Cl- species for the PHSCALE_NBS scaling. Either PHSCALE_PITZER or PHSCALE_NBS

Definition at line 787 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by HMWSoln::applyphScale(), MolalityVPSSTP::operator=(), MolalityVPSSTP::pHScale(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dP(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT2(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setpHScale().

size_t m_indexCLM

protected

Index of the phScale species.

Index of the species to be used in the single-ion scaling law. This is the identity of the Cl- species for the PHSCALE_NBS scaling

Definition at line 795 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by HMWSoln::applyphScale(), MolalityVPSSTP::initThermo(), MolalityVPSSTP::operator=(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dP(), HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT(), and HMWSoln::s_updateScaling_pHScaling_dT2().

doublereal m_weightSolvent

protected

Molecular weight of the Solvent.

Definition at line 798 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::operator=(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_d2lnMolalityActCoeff_dT2(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dP(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_dlnMolalityActCoeff_dT(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_lnMolalityActCoeff(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setSolvent().

doublereal m_xmolSolventMIN

protected

In any molality implementation, it makes sense to have a minimum solvent mole fraction requirement, since the implementation becomes singular in the xmolSolvent=0 limit. The default is to set it to 0.01. We then modify the molality definition to ensure that molal_solvent = 0 when xmol_solvent = 0.

Definition at line 808 of file MolalityVPSSTP.h.

Referenced by MolalityVPSSTP::calcMolalities(), IdealMolalSoln::getActivities(), MolalityVPSSTP::getActivityCoefficients(), IdealMolalSoln::getMolalityActivityCoefficients(), MolalityVPSSTP::moleFSolventMin(), MolalityVPSSTP::operator=(), IdealMolalSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), HMWSoln::s_updateIMS_lnMolalityActCoeff(), HMWSoln::s_updatePitzer_lnMolalityActCoeff(), MolalityVPSSTP::setMolalitiesByName(), and MolalityVPSSTP::setMoleFSolventMin().