LTPspecies.h

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/**
 *  @file LTPspecies.h
 *  Header file defining class LTPspecies and its child classes
 */

#ifndef CT_LTPSPECIES_H
#define CT_LTPSPECIES_H

// Cantera includes
#include "cantera/base/ct_defs.h"
#include "TransportBase.h"
#include "cantera/base/FactoryBase.h"

// STL includes
#include <vector>
#include <string>

namespace Cantera
{

//====================================================================================================================
//! Enumeration of the types of transport properties that can be
//! handled by the variables in the various Transport classes.
/*!
 * Not all of these are handled by each class and each class
 * should handle exceptions where the transport property is not handled.
 *
 * Transport properties currently on the list
 *
 *    0  - viscosity
 *    1  - Ionic conductivity
 *    2  - Mobility Ratio
 *    3  - Self Diffusion coefficient
 *    4  - Thermal conductivity
 *    5  - species diffusivity
 *    6  - hydrodynamic radius
 *    7  - electrical conductivity
 */
enum TransportPropertyType {
    TP_UNKNOWN = -1,
    TP_VISCOSITY = 0,
    TP_IONCONDUCTIVITY,
    TP_MOBILITYRATIO,
    TP_SELFDIFFUSION,
    TP_THERMALCOND,
    TP_DIFFUSIVITY,
    TP_HYDRORADIUS,
    TP_ELECTCOND
};

//====================================================================================================================
//! Temperature dependence type for pure (liquid) species properties
/*!
 *  Types of temperature dependencies:
 *     0  - Independent of temperature
 *     1  - extended arrhenius form
 *     2  - polynomial in temperature form
 *     3 -  exponential temperature polynomial
 */
enum LTPTemperatureDependenceType {
    LTP_TD_NOTSET=-1,
    LTP_TD_CONSTANT,
    LTP_TD_ARRHENIUS,
    LTP_TD_POLY,
    LTP_TD_EXPT
};

//====================================================================================================================
//! Class LTPspecies holds transport parameters for a specific liquid-phase species.
/*!
 * Subclasses handle different means of specifying transport properties
 * like constant, %Arrhenius or polynomial fits.  In its current state,
 * it is primarily suitable for specifying temperature dependence, but
 * the adjustCoeffsForComposition() method can be implemented to
 * adjust for composition dependence.
 *
 * Mixing rules for computing mixture transport properties are handled
 * separately in LiquidTranInteraction subclasses.
 */
class LTPspecies
{

public:

    //! Construct an LTPspecies object for a liquid transport property.
    /*!
     *    The species transport property is constructed from the XML node,
     *    \verbatim <propNode>, \endverbatim that is a child of the
     *    \verbatim <transport> \endverbatim node in the species block and specifies a type of transport
     *    property (like viscosity)
     *
     *   @param   propNode      Pointer to the XML node that contains the property information. A default
     *                          value of 0 is allowed for the base class, but not for classes which
     *                          are assumed to be parameterized by reading XML_Node information.
     *   @param   name          String containing the species name
     *   @param   tp_ind        enum TransportPropertyType containing the property id that this object
     *                          is creating a parameterization for (e.g., viscosity)
     *   @param   thermo        const pointer to the ThermoPhase object, which is used to find the temperature.
     */
    LTPspecies(const XML_Node* const propNode = 0,  std::string name = "-",
               TransportPropertyType tp_ind = TP_UNKNOWN, const thermo_t* thermo = 0);

    //! Copy constructor
    /*!
     *  @param   right       Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies(const LTPspecies& right);

    //! Assignment operator
    /*!
     *  @param   right       Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies& operator=(const LTPspecies& right);

    //! Destructor
    virtual ~LTPspecies();

    //! Duplication routine
    /*!
     *  @return  Returns a copy of this routine as a pointer to LTPspecies
     */
    virtual LTPspecies* duplMyselfAsLTPspecies() const;

    //! Returns the vector of pure species transport property
    /*!
     *  The pure species transport property (i.e. pure species viscosity)
     *  is returned.  Any temperature and composition dependence will be
     *  adjusted internally according to the information provided by the
     *  subclass object.
     *
     *  @return  Returns a single double containing the property evaluation
     *           at the current ThermoPhase temperature.
     */
    virtual doublereal getSpeciesTransProp();

    //! Check to see if the property evaluation will be positive
    /*!
     *  @return  Returns a boolean
     */
    virtual bool checkPositive() const;

    //! Return the weight mixture
    /*!
     *  @return  Returns a single double which is used as a weight
     */
    doublereal getMixWeight() const;

private:
    //! Internal model to adjust species-specific properties for composition.
    /*!
     *  Currently just a place holder, but this method could take
     *  the composition from the thermo object and adjust coefficients
     *  accoding to some unspecified model.
     */
    virtual void adjustCoeffsForComposition();

protected:

    //! Species Name
    std::string m_speciesName;

    //! Model type for the temperature dependence
    LTPTemperatureDependenceType m_model;

    //! enum indicating which property this is (i.e viscosity)
    TransportPropertyType m_property;

    //! Model temperature-dependence ceofficients
    vector_fp m_coeffs;

    //! Pointer to a const thermo object to get current temperature
    const thermo_t* m_thermo;

    //! Weighting used for mixing.
    /*!
     * This weighting can be employed to allow salt transport
     * properties to be represented by specific ions.
     * For example, to have Li+ and Ca+ represent the mixing
     * transport properties of LiCl and CaCl2, the weightings for
     * Li+ would be 2.0, for K+ would be 3.0 and for Cl- would be 0.0.
     * The transport properties for Li+ would be those for LiCl and
     * the transport properties for Ca+ would be those for CaCl2.
     * The transport properties for Cl- should be something innoccuous like
     * 1.0--note that 0.0 is not innocuous if there are logarithms involved.
     */
    doublereal m_mixWeight;
};

//====================================================================================================================
//! Class LTPspecies_Const holds transport parameters for a
//! specific liquid-phase species (LTPspecies) when the
//! transport property is just a constant value.
/*!
 * As an example of the input required for LTPspecies_Const
 * consider the following XML fragment
 *
 * \verbatim
 *    <species>
 *      <!-- thermodynamic properties -->
 *      <transport>
 *        <hydrodynamicRadius model="Constant" units="A">
 *            1.000
 *        </hydrodynamicRadius>
 *        <!-- other transport properties -->
 *      </transport>
 *    </species>
 * \endverbatim
 */
class LTPspecies_Const : public  LTPspecies
{

public:

    //! Construct an LTPspecies object for a liquid transport property
    //! expressed as a constant value.
    /** The transport property is constructed from the XML node,
     *  \verbatim <propNode>, \endverbatim that is a child of the
     *  \verbatim <transport> \endverbatim node and specifies a type of
     *  transport property (like viscosity).
     *
     *
     *   @param   propNode      Reference to the XML node that contains the property information.
     *   @param   name          String containing the species name
     *   @param   tp_ind        enum TransportPropertyType containing the property id that this object
     *                          is creating a parameterization for (e.g., viscosity)
     *   @param   thermo        const pointer to the ThermoPhase object, which is used to find the temperature.
     */
    LTPspecies_Const(const XML_Node& propNode,  std::string name,
                     TransportPropertyType tp_ind,  const thermo_t* const thermo);

    //! Copy constructor
    /*!
     *  @param   right       Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_Const(const LTPspecies_Const& right);

    //! Assignment operator
    /*!
     *  @param   right       Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_Const& operator=(const LTPspecies_Const& right);

    //! Destructor
    virtual ~LTPspecies_Const();

    //! duplication routine
    /*!
     *  @return  Returns a copy of this routine as a pointer to LTPspecies
     */
    virtual LTPspecies* duplMyselfAsLTPspecies() const;

    //! Returns the pure species transport property
    /*!
     *  The pure species transport property (i.e. pure species viscosity)
     *  is returned.  Any temperature and composition dependence will be
     *  adjusted internally according to the information provided.
     */
    doublereal getSpeciesTransProp();

};

//====================================================================================================================
//! Class LTPspecies_Arrhenius holds transport parameters for a
//! specific liquid-phase species (LTPspecies) when the
//! transport property is expressed in Arrhenius form.
/*!
 * Used for pure species properties with equations of the form
 * \f[
 *      x = A T^b \exp( - E / RT )
 * \f]
 * where A, b, and E are passed in the xml input file.
 *
 * As an example of the input required for LTPspecies_Arrhenius
 * consider the following XML fragment
 *
 * \verbatim
 *    <species>
 *      <!-- thermodynamic properties -->
 *      <transport>
 *        <viscosity model="Arrhenius">
 *           <!-- Janz, JPCRD, 17, supplement 2, 1988 -->
 *           <A>6.578e-5</A>
 *           <b>0.0</b>
 *           <E units="J/kmol">23788.e3</E>
 *        </viscosity>
 *        <!-- other transport properties -->
 *      </transport>
 *    </species>
 * \endverbatim
 */
class LTPspecies_Arrhenius : public  LTPspecies
{

public:

    //! Construct an LTPspecies object for a liquid transport property
    //! expressed in extended Arrhenius form.
    /*!
     *  The transport property is constructed from the XML node,
     *  \verbatim <propNode>, \endverbatim that is a child of the
     *  \verbatim <transport> \endverbatim node and specifies a type of  transport property (like viscosity)
     *
     *
     *   @param   propNode      Reference to the XML node that contains the property information.This class
     *                          is assumed to be parameterized by reading XML_Node information.
     *   @param   name          String containing the species name
     *   @param   tp_ind        enum TransportPropertyType containing the property id that this object
     *                          is creating a parameterization for (e.g., viscosity)
     *   @param   thermo        const pointer to the ThermoPhase object, which is used to find the temperature.
     *
     */
    LTPspecies_Arrhenius(const XML_Node& propNode, std::string name,
                         TransportPropertyType tp_ind, const thermo_t* thermo);

    //! Copy constructor
    /*!
     *  @param right     Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_Arrhenius(const LTPspecies_Arrhenius& right);

    //! Assignment operator
    /*!
     *  @param right     Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_Arrhenius& operator=(const LTPspecies_Arrhenius& right);

    //! Destructor
    virtual ~LTPspecies_Arrhenius();

    //! duplication routine
    /*!
     *  @return  Returns a copy of this routine as a pointer to LTPspecies
     */
    virtual LTPspecies* duplMyselfAsLTPspecies() const;

    //! Return the pure species value for this transport property evaluated
    //! from the Arrhenius expression
    /*!
     * In general the Arrhenius expression is
     *
     * \f[
     *      \mu = A T^n \exp( - E / R T ).
     * \f]
     *
     * Note that for viscosity, the convention is such that
     * a positive activation energy corresponds to the typical
     * case of a positive argument to the exponential so that
     * the Arrhenius expression is
     *
     * \f[
     *      \mu = A T^n \exp( + E / R T ).
     * \f]
     *
     * Any temperature and composition dependence will be
     *  adjusted internally according to the information provided.
     */
    doublereal getSpeciesTransProp();

protected:

    //! temperature from thermo object
    doublereal m_temp;

    //! logarithm of current temperature
    doublereal m_logt;

    //! most recent evaluation of transport property
    doublereal m_prop;

    //! logarithm of most recent evaluation of transport property
    doublereal m_logProp;
};

//====================================================================================================================
//! Class LTPspecies_Poly holds transport parameters for a
//! specific liquid-phase species (LTPspecies) when the transport
//! property is expressed as a polynomial in temperature.
/*!
 * Used for pure species properties with equations of the form
 * \f[
 *    x = f[0] + f[1] T + ... + f[N] T^N
 * \f]
 * where f[i] are elements of the float array passed in.
 *
 * As an example of the input required for LTPspecies_Poly
 * consider the following XML fragment
 *
 * \verbatim
 *    <species>
 *      <!-- thermodynamic properties -->
 *      <transport>
 *        <thermalConductivity model="coeffs">
 *           <floatArray size="2">  0.6, -15.0e-5 </floatArray>
 *        </thermalConductivity>
 *        <!-- other transport properties -->
 *      </transport>
 *    </species>
 * \endverbatim
 */
class LTPspecies_Poly : public  LTPspecies
{

public:

    //! Construct an LTPspecies object for a liquid transport property expressed as a polynomial in temperature.
    /*!
     *  The transport property is constructed from the XML node, \verbatim <propNode>, \endverbatim that is a child of the
     *  \verbatim <transport> \endverbatim node and specifies a type of transport property (like viscosity).
     *
     *
     *   @param   propNode      Reference to the XML node that contains the property information. This class
     *                          must be parameterized by reading XML_Node information.
     *   @param   name          String containing the species name
     *   @param   tp_ind        enum TransportPropertyType containing the property id that this object
     *                          is creating a parameterization for (e.g., viscosity)
     *   @param   thermo        const pointer to the ThermoPhase object, which is used to find the temperature.
     *
     */
    LTPspecies_Poly(const XML_Node& propNode, std::string name, TransportPropertyType tp_ind, const thermo_t* thermo);

    //! Copy constructor
    /*!
     *  @param right   Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_Poly(const LTPspecies_Poly& right);

    //! Assignment operator
    /*!
     *  @param right   Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_Poly& operator=(const LTPspecies_Poly& right);

    //! Destructor
    virtual ~LTPspecies_Poly();

    //! Duplication routine
    /*!
     *  @return  Returns a copy of this routine as a pointer to LTPspecies
     */
    virtual LTPspecies* duplMyselfAsLTPspecies() const;

    //! Returns the pure species transport property
    /*!
     *  The pure species transport property (i.e. pure species viscosity)
     *  is returned.  Any temperature and composition dependence will be
     *  adjusted internally according to the information provided.
     */
    doublereal getSpeciesTransProp();

protected:

    //! temperature from thermo object
    doublereal m_temp;

    //! most recent evaluation of transport property
    doublereal m_prop;

};

//====================================================================================================================
//! Class LTPspecies_ExpT holds transport parameters for a  specific liquid-phase species (LTPspecies)
//! when the transport property is expressed as an exponential in temperature.
/*!
 * Used for pure species properties with equations of the form
 *
 *    \f[
 *       x = f[0] \exp( f[1] T + ... + f[N] T^{N} )
 *    \f]
 *
 * where f[i] are elements of the float array passed in.
 *
 * As an example of the input required for LTPspecies_ExpT
 * consider the following XML fragment
 *
 * \verbatim
 *    <species>
 *      <!-- thermodynamic properties -->
 *      <transport>
 *        <thermalConductivity model="expT">
 *           <floatArray size="2">  0.6, -15.0e-5 </floatArray>
 *        </thermalConductivity>
 *        <!-- other transport properties -->
 *      </transport>
 *    </species>
 * \endverbatim
 */
class LTPspecies_ExpT : public  LTPspecies
{

public:

    //! Construct an LTPspecies object for a liquid transport property
    //! expressed as an exponential in temperature.
    /*!
     *  The transport property is constructed from the XML node, \verbatim <propNode>, \endverbatim that is a child of the
     *  \verbatim <transport> \endverbatim node and specifies a type of transport property (like viscosity).
     *
     *
     *   @param   propNode      Reference to the XML node that contains the property information. This class
     *                          must be parameterized by reading XML_Node information.
     *   @param   name          String containing the species name
     *   @param   tp_ind        enum TransportPropertyType containing the property id that this object
     *                          is creating a parameterization for (e.g., viscosity)
     *   @param   thermo        const pointer to the ThermoPhase object, which is used to find the temperature.
     *
     */
    LTPspecies_ExpT(const XML_Node& propNode,  std::string name,
                    TransportPropertyType tp_ind,  const thermo_t* thermo);

    //! Copy constructor
    /*!
     *  @param right   Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_ExpT(const LTPspecies_ExpT& right);

    //! Assignment operator
    /*!
     *  @param right   Object to be copied
     */
    LTPspecies_ExpT&  operator=(const LTPspecies_ExpT& right);

    //! Destructor
    virtual ~LTPspecies_ExpT();

    //! Duplication routine
    /*!
     *  @return  Returns a copy of this routine as a pointer to LTPspecies
     */
    virtual LTPspecies* duplMyselfAsLTPspecies() const;

    //! Returns the pure species transport property
    /*!
     *  The pure species transport property (i.e. pure species viscosity)
     *  is returned.  Any temperature and composition dependence will be
     *  adjusted internally according to the information provided.
     */
    doublereal getSpeciesTransProp();

protected:

    //! temperature from thermo object
    doublereal m_temp;

    //! most recent evaluation of transport property
    doublereal m_prop;

};

//====================================================================================================================

}
#endif