Species¶
The fields of a species
entry are:
name
String identifier used for the species. Required.
composition
Mapping that specifies the elemental composition of the species, for example,
{C: 1, H: 4}
. Required.thermo
Mapping containing the reference state thermodynamic model specification and parameters. See Species thermo models.
equation-of-state
A mapping or list of mappings. Each mapping contains an equation of state model specification for the species, any parameters for that model, and any parameters for interactions with other species. See Species equation of state models. If this field is absent and a model is required, the
ideal-gas
model is assumed.critical-parameters
Mapping containing parameters related to the critical state of a species. Used in models that incorporate “real gas” effects, such as Redlich-Kwong. See Species critical state parameters.
transport
Mapping containing the species transport model specification and parameters. See Species transport models.
sites
The number of sites occupied by a surface or edge species. Default is 1.
Debye-Huckel
Additional model parameters used in the Debye-Hückel model. See Debye-Huckel for more information.
Species thermo models¶
Fields of a species thermo
entry used by all models are:
model
String specifying the model to be used. Required. Supported model strings are:
reference-pressure
The reference pressure at which the given thermodynamic properties apply. Defaults to 1 atm.
NASA 7-coefficient polynomials¶
The polynomial form described here,
given for one or two temperature regions. Additional fields of a NASA7
thermo entry are:
temperature-ranges
A list giving the temperature intervals on which the polynomials are valid. For one temperature region, this list contains the minimum and maximum temperatures for the polynomial. For two temperature regions, this list contains the minimum, intermediate, and maximum temperatures.
data
A list with one item per temperature region, where that item is a 7 item list of polynomial coefficients. The temperature regions are arranged in ascending order. Note that this is different from the standard CHEMKIN formulation that uses two temperature regions listed in descending order.
Example:
thermo:
model: NASA7
temperature-ranges: [300.0, 1000.0, 5000.0]
data:
- [3.298677, 0.0014082404, -3.963222e-06, 5.641515e-09,
-2.444854e-12, -1020.8999, 3.950372]
- [2.92664, 0.0014879768, -5.68476e-07, 1.0097038e-10,
-6.753351e-15, -922.7977, 5.980528]
NASA 9-coefficient polynomials¶
The polynomial form described here,
given for any number of temperature regions. Additional fields of a NASA9
thermo entry are:
temperature-ranges
A list giving the temperature intervals on which the polynomials are valid. This list contains the minimum temperature, the intermediate temperatures between each set pair of regions, and the maximum temperature.
data
A list with one item per temperature region, where that item is a 9 item list of polynomial coefficients. The temperature regions are arranged in ascending order.
Example:
thermo:
model: NASA9
temperature-ranges: [200.00, 1000.00, 6000.0, 20000]
reference-pressure: 1 bar
data:
- [2.210371497E+04, -3.818461820E+02, 6.082738360E+00, -8.530914410E-03,
1.384646189E-05, -9.625793620E-09, 2.519705809E-12, 7.108460860E+02,
-1.076003744E+01]
- [5.877124060E+05, -2.239249073E+03, 6.066949220E+00, -6.139685500E-04,
1.491806679E-07, -1.923105485E-11, 1.061954386E-15, 1.283210415E+04,
-1.586640027E+01]
- [8.310139160E+08, -6.420733540E+05, 2.020264635E+02, -3.065092046E-02,
2.486903333E-06, -9.705954110E-11, 1.437538881E-15, 4.938707040E+06,
-1.672099740E+03]
Shomate polynomials¶
The polynomial form described here,
given for one or two temperature regions. Additional fields of a Shomate
thermo entry are:
temperature-ranges
A list giving the temperature intervals on which the polynomials are valid. For one temperature region, this list contains the minimum and maximum temperatures for the polynomial. For two temperature regions, this list contains the minimum, intermediate, and maximum temperatures.
data
A list with one item per temperature region, where that item is a 7 item list of polynomial coefficients. The temperature regions are arranged in ascending order.
Example:
thermo:
model: Shomate
temperature-ranges: [298, 1300, 6000]
data:
- [25.56759, 6.096130, 4.054656, -2.671301, 0.131021,
-118.0089, 227.3665]
- [35.15070, 1.300095, -0.205921, 0.013550, -3.282780,
-127.8375, 231.7120]
Constant heat capacity¶
The constant heat capacity model described here.
Additional fields of a constant-cp
thermo entry are:
T0
The reference temperature. Defaults to 298.15 K.
h0
The molar enthalpy at the reference temperature. Defaults to 0.0.
s0
The molar entropy at the reference temperature. Defaults to 0.0.
cp0
The heat capacity at constant pressure. Defaults to 0.0.
T-min
The minimum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to 0.0.
T-max
The maximum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to infinity.
Example:
thermo:
model: constant-cp
T0: 1000 K
h0: 9.22 kcal/mol
s0: -3.02 cal/mol/K
cp0: 5.95 cal/mol/K
Piecewise Gibbs¶
A model based on piecewise interpolation of the Gibbs free energy as
described here
Additional fields of a piecewise-Gibbs
entry are:
h0
The molar enthalpy at the reference temperature of 298.15 K. Defaults to 0.0.
dimensionless
A boolean flag indicating whether the values of the Gibbs free energy are given in a dimensionless form, that is, divided by \(RT\). Defaults to
false
.data
A mapping of temperatures to values of the Gibbs free energy. The Gibbs free energy can be either in molar units (if
dimensionless
isfalse
) or nondimensionalized by the corresponding temperature (ifdimensionless
istrue
). A value must be provided at \(T^\circ = 298.15\) K.T-min
The minimum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to 0.0.
T-max
The maximum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to infinity.
Example:
thermo:
model: piecewise-Gibbs
h0: -230.015 kJ/mol
dimensionless: true
data: {298.15: -91.50963, 333.15: -85.0}
Species equation of state models¶
model
String specifying the model to be used. Required. Supported model strings are:
Species critical state parameters¶
critical-temperature
The critical temperature of the species.
critical-pressure
The critical pressure of the species.
acentric-factor
Pitzer’s acentric factor \(omega\).
Constant volume¶
A constant volume model as described here.
Any one of the following may be specified:
molar-volume
The molar volume of the species.
molar-density
The molar density of the species.
density
The mass density of the species.
Example:
equation-of-state:
model: constant-volume
molar-volume: 1.3 cm^3/mol
Density temperature polynomial¶
A model in which the density varies with temperature as described here.
Additional fields:
data
Vector of 4 coefficients for a cubic polynomial in temperature
Example:
equation-of-state:
model: density-temperature-polynomial
units: {mass: g, length: cm}
data: [0.536504, -1.04279e-4, 3.84825e-9, -5.2853e-12]
HKFT¶
The Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers-Tanger model as described here.
Additional fields:
h0
Enthalpy of formation at the reference temperature and pressure
s0
Entropy of formation at the reference temperature and pressure
a
4-element vector containing the coefficients \(a_1, \ldots , a_4\)
c
2-element vector containing the coefficients \(c_1\) and \(c_2\)
omega
The \(\omega\) parameter at the reference temperature and pressure
Example:
equation-of-state:
model: HKFT
h0: -57433. cal/gmol
s0: 13.96 cal/gmol/K
a: [0.1839 cal/gmol/bar, -228.5 cal/gmol,
3.256 cal*K/gmol/bar, -27260. cal*K/gmol]
c: [18.18 cal/gmol/K, -29810. cal*K/gmol]
omega: 33060 cal/gmol
Ideal gas¶
A species using the ideal gas equation of state, as
described here.
This model is the default if no equation-of-state
section is included.
Ions from neutral molecule¶
A species equation of state model used with the ions-from-neutral-molecule
phase model, as
described here.
Additional fields:
special-species
Boolean indicating whether the species is the “special species” in the phase. Default is
false
.multipliers
A dictionary mapping species to neutral species multiplier values.
Example:
equation-of-state:
model: ions-from-neutral-molecule
multipliers: {KCl(l): 1.2}
Liquid Water IAPWS95¶
A detailed equation of state for liquid water as described here.
Molar volume temperature polynomial¶
A model in which the molar volume varies with temperature as described here.
Additional fields:
data
Vector of 4 coefficients for a cubic polynomial in temperature
Redlich-Kwong¶
A model where species follow the Redlich-Kwong equation of state as described here.
Additional fields:
a
Pure-species
a
coefficient. Scalar or list of two values for a temperature-dependent expression.b
Pure-species
b
coefficient.binary-a
Mapping where the keys are species and the values are the
a
coefficients for binary interactions between the two species.
Species transport models¶
model
String specifying the model type. The only model that is specifically handled is
gas
.
Gas transport¶
Species transport properties are a rare exception to Cantera’s use of SI units, and use the units in which these properties are customarily reported. No conversions are supported.
The additional fields of a gas
transport entry are:
geometry
A string specifying the geometry of the molecule. One of
atom
,linear
, ornonlinear
.diameter
The Lennard-Jones collision diameter [Å]
well-depth
The Lennard-Jones well depth [K]
dipole
The permanent dipole moment [Debye]. Default 0.0.
polarizability
The dipole polarizability [Å^3]. Default 0.0.
rotational-relaxation
The rotational relaxation collision number at 298 K [-]. Default 0.0.
acentric-factor
Pitzer’s acentric factor [-]. Default 0.0. This value may also be specified as part of the critical-parameters field, in which case the value provided there supersedes this one.
dispersion-coefficient
The dispersion coefficient, normalized by \(e^2\) [Å^5]. Default 0.0.
quadrupole-polarizability
The quadrupole polarizability [Å^5]. Default 0.0.
Example:
transport:
model: gas
geometry: linear
well-depth: 107.4
diameter: 3.458
polarizability: 1.6
rotational-relaxation: 3.8