Species

The fields of a species entry are:

name

String identifier used for the species. Required.

composition

Mapping that specifies the elemental composition of the species, e.g., {C: 1, H: 4}. Required.

thermo

Mapping containing the reference state thermodynamic model specification and parameters. See Species thermo models.

equation-of-state

A mapping or list of mappings. Each mapping contains an equation of state model specification for the species, any parameters for that model, and any parameters for interactions with other species. See Species equation of state models. If this field is absent and a model is required, the ideal-gas model is assumed.

transport

Mapping containing the species transport model specification and parameters. See Species transport models.

sites

The number of sites occupied by a surface or edge species. Default is 1.

Debye-Huckel

Additional model parameters used in the Debye-Hückel model. See Debye-Huckel for more information.

Species thermo models

Fields of a species thermo entry used by all models are:

model

String specifying the model to be used. Required. Supported model strings are:

reference-pressure

The reference pressure at which the given thermodynamic properties apply. Defaults to 1 atm.

NASA 7-coefficient polynomials

The polynomial form described here, given for one or two temperature regions. Additional fields of a NASA7 thermo entry are:

temperature-ranges

A list giving the temperature intervals on which the polynomials are valid. For one temperature region, this list contains the minimum and maximum temperatures for the polynomial. For two temperature regions, this list contains the minimum, intermediate, and maximum temperatures.

data

A list with one item per temperature region, where that item is a 7 item list of polynomial coefficients. The temperature regions are arranged in ascending order. Note that this is different from the standard CHEMKIN formulation that uses two temperature regions listed in descending order.

Example:

thermo:
  model: NASA7
  temperature-ranges: [300.0, 1000.0, 5000.0]
  data:
  - [3.298677, 0.0014082404, -3.963222e-06, 5.641515e-09,
    -2.444854e-12, -1020.8999, 3.950372]
  - [2.92664, 0.0014879768, -5.68476e-07, 1.0097038e-10,
    -6.753351e-15, -922.7977, 5.980528]

NASA 9-coefficient polynomials

The polynomial form described here, given for any number of temperature regions. Additional fields of a NASA9 thermo entry are:

temperature-ranges

A list giving the temperature intervals on which the polynomials are valid. This list contains the minimum temperature, the intermediate temperatures between each set pair of regions, and the maximum temperature.

data

A list with one item per temperature region, where that item is a 9 item list of polynomial coefficients. The temperature regions are arranged in ascending order.

Example:

thermo:
  model: NASA9
  temperature-ranges: [200.00, 1000.00, 6000.0, 20000]
  reference-pressure: 1 bar
  data:
  - [2.210371497E+04, -3.818461820E+02, 6.082738360E+00, -8.530914410E-03,
     1.384646189E-05, -9.625793620E-09, 2.519705809E-12, 7.108460860E+02,
     -1.076003744E+01]
  - [5.877124060E+05, -2.239249073E+03, 6.066949220E+00, -6.139685500E-04,
     1.491806679E-07,  -1.923105485E-11, 1.061954386E-15, 1.283210415E+04,
     -1.586640027E+01]
  - [8.310139160E+08, -6.420733540E+05, 2.020264635E+02, -3.065092046E-02,
     2.486903333E-06, -9.705954110E-11, 1.437538881E-15, 4.938707040E+06,
     -1.672099740E+03]

Shomate polynomials

The polynomial form described here, given for one or two temperature regions. Additional fields of a Shomate thermo entry are:

temperature-ranges

A list giving the temperature intervals on which the polynomials are valid. For one temperature region, this list contains the minimum and maximum temperatures for the polynomial. For two temperature regions, this list contains the minimum, intermediate, and maximum temperatures.

data

A list with one item per temperature region, where that item is a 7 item list of polynomial coefficients. The temperature regions are arranged in ascending order.

Example:

thermo:
  model: Shomate
  temperature-ranges: [298, 1300, 6000]
  data:
  - [25.56759, 6.096130, 4.054656, -2.671301, 0.131021,
    -118.0089, 227.3665]
  - [35.15070, 1.300095, -0.205921, 0.013550, -3.282780,
    -127.8375, 231.7120]

Constant heat capacity

The constant heat capacity model described here. Additional fields of a constant-cp thermo entry are:

T0

The reference temperature. Defaults to 298.15 K.

h0

The molar enthalpy at the reference temperature. Defaults to 0.0.

s0

The molar entropy at the reference temperature. Defaults to 0.0.

cp0

The heat capacity at constant pressure. Defaults to 0.0.

T-min

The minimum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to 0.0.

T-max

The maximum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to infinity.

Example:

thermo:
  model: constant-cp
  T0: 1000 K
  h0: 9.22 kcal/mol
  s0: -3.02 cal/mol/K
  cp0: 5.95 cal/mol/K

Piecewise Gibbs

A model based on piecewise interpolation of the Gibbs free energy as described here Additional fields of a piecewise-Gibbs entry are:

h0

The molar enthalpy at the reference temperature of 298.15 K. Defaults to 0.0.

dimensionless

A boolean flag indicating whether the values of the Gibbs free energy are given in a dimensionless form, i.e., divided by \(RT\). Defaults to false.

data

A mapping of temperatures to values of the Gibbs free energy. The Gibbs free energy can be either in molar units (if dimensionless is false) or nondimensionalized by the corresponding temperature (if dimensionless is true). A value must be provided at \(T^\circ = 298.15\) K.

T-min

The minimum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to 0.0.

T-max

The maximum temperature at which this thermo data should be used. Defaults to infinity.

Example:

thermo:
  model: piecewise-Gibbs
  h0: -230.015 kJ/mol
  dimensionless: true
  data: {298.15: -91.50963, 333.15: -85.0}

Species equation of state models

model

String specifying the model to be used. Required. Supported model strings are:

Constant volume

A constant volume model as described here.

Any one of the following may be specified:

molar-volume

The molar volume of the species.

molar-density

The molar density of the species.

density

The mass density of the species.

Example:

equation-of-state:
  model: constant-volume
  molar-volume: 1.3 cm^3/mol

Density temperature polynomial

A model in which the density varies with temperature as described here.

Additional fields:

data

Vector of 4 coefficients for a cubic polynomial in temperature

Example:

equation-of-state:
  model: density-temperature-polynomial
  units: {mass: g, length: cm}
  data: [0.536504, -1.04279e-4, 3.84825e-9, -5.2853e-12]

HKFT

The Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers-Tanger model as described here.

Additional fields:

h0

Enthalpy of formation at the reference temperature and pressure

s0

Entropy of formation at the reference temperature and pressure

a

4-element vector containing the coefficients \(a_1, \ldots , a_4\)

c

2-element vector containing the coefficients \(c_1\) and \(c_2\)

omega

The \(\omega\) parameter at the reference temperature and pressure

Example:

equation-of-state:
  model: HKFT
  h0: -57433. cal/gmol
  s0: 13.96 cal/gmol/K
  a: [0.1839 cal/gmol/bar, -228.5 cal/gmol,
     3.256 cal*K/gmol/bar, -27260. cal*K/gmol]
  c: [18.18 cal/gmol/K, -29810. cal*K/gmol]
  omega: 33060 cal/gmol

Ideal gas

A species using the ideal gas equation of state, as described here. This model is the default if no equation-of-state section is included.

Ions from neutral molecule

A species equation of state model used with the ions-from-neutral-molecule phase model, as described here.

Additional fields:

special-species

Boolean indicating whether the species is the “special species” in the phase. Default is false.

multipliers

A dictionary mapping species to neutral species multiplier values.

Example:

equation-of-state:
  model: ions-from-neutral-molecule
  multipliers: {KCl(l): 1.2}

Liquid Water IAPWS95

A detailed equation of state for liquid water as described here.

Molar volume temperature polynomial

A model in which the molar volume varies with temperature as described here.

Additional fields:

data

Vector of 4 coefficients for a cubic polynomial in temperature

Redlich-Kwong

A model where species follow the Redlich-Kwong equation of state as described here.

Additional fields:

a

Pure-species a coefficient. Scalar or list of two values for a temperature-dependent expression.

b

Pure-species b coefficient.

binary-a

Mapping where the keys are species and the values are the a coefficients for binary interactions between the two species.

Species transport models

model

String specifying the model type. The only model that is specifically handled is gas.

Gas transport

Species transport properties are a rare exception to Cantera’s use of SI units, and use the units in which these properties are customarily reported. No conversions are supported.

The additional fields of a gas transport entry are:

geometry

A string specifying the geometry of the molecule. One of atom, linear, or nonlinear.

diameter

The Lennard-Jones collision diameter [Å]

well-depth

The Lennard-Jones well depth [K]

dipole

The permanent dipole moment [Debye]. Default 0.0.

polarizability

The dipole polarizability [Å^3]. Default 0.0.

rotational-relaxation

The rotational relaxation collision number at 298 K [-]. Default 0.0.

acentric-factor

Pitzer’s acentric factor [-]. Default 0.0.

dispersion-coefficient

The dispersion coefficient, normalized by \(e^2\) [Å^5]. Default 0.0.

quadrupole-polarizability

The quadrupole polarizability [Å^5]. Default 0.0.

Example:

transport:
  model: gas
  geometry: linear
  well-depth: 107.4
  diameter: 3.458
  polarizability: 1.6
  rotational-relaxation: 3.8