%% Catalytic combustion of a stagnation flow on a platinum surface
%
% This script solves a catalytic combustion problem. This example is equivalent to the
% Python :doc:`catalytic_combustion.py <../python/onedim/catalytic_combustion>` example.
%
% A stagnation flow is set up, with a gas inlet 10 cm from a platinum surface at 900 K.
% The lean, premixed methane/air mixture enters at ~ 6 cm/s (0.06 kg/m2/s), and burns
% catalytically on the platinum surface. Gas-phase chemistry is included too, and has
% some effect very near the surface.
%
% The catalytic combustion mechanism is from Deutschmann et al., 26th
% Symp. (Intl.) on Combustion,1996 pp. 1747-1754
%
% Requires: cantera >= 3.2.0
%
% .. tags:: Matlab, combustion, catalysis, 1D flow, surface chemistry

%%
% Problem Definition
% ------------------

help catalytic_combustion;

t0 = cputime;  % record the starting time

%%
% **Set parameter values**

p = OneAtm;  % pressure
tinlet = 300.0;  % inlet temperature
tsurf = 900.0;  % surface temperature
mdot = 0.06;  % kg/m^2/s
transport = 'mixture-averaged';  % transport model

%%
% Solve first for a hydrogen/air case for use as the initial estimate for
% the methane/air case.

% composition of the inlet premixed gas for the hydrogen/air case
comp1 = 'H2:0.05, O2:0.21, N2:0.78, AR:0.01';

% composition of the inlet premixed gas for the methane/air case
comp2 = 'CH4:0.095, O2:0.21, N2:0.78, AR:0.01';

% the initial grid, in meters. The inlet/surface separation is 10 cm.
initial_grid = [0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1];  % m

% numerical parameters
tol_ss = {1.0e-8 1.0e-14};  % {rtol atol} for steady-state problem
tol_ts = {1.0e-4 1.0e-9};  % {rtol atol} for time stepping

loglevel = 1;  % amount of diagnostic output (0 to 5)

refine_grid = 1;  % 1 to enable refinement, 0 to disable

%%
% **Create the gas object**
%
% This object will be used to evaluate all thermodynamic, kinetic,
% and transport properties
%
% The gas phase will be taken from the definition of phase ``gas`` in
% input file ``ptcombust.yaml``, which is a stripped-down version of
% GRI-Mech 3.0.

gas = Solution('ptcombust.yaml', 'gas', transport);
gas.TPX = {tinlet, p, comp1};

%%
% **Create the interface object**
%
% This object will be used to evaluate all surface chemical production
% rates. It will be created from the interface definition ``Pt_surf``
% in input file ``ptcombust.yaml``, which implements the reaction
% mechanism of Deutschmann et al., 1995 for catalytic combustion on
% platinum.

surf_phase = Interface('ptcombust.yaml', 'Pt_surf', gas);
surf_phase.TP = {tsurf, surf_phase.P};

%%
% Integrate the coverage equations in time for 1 s, holding the gas
% composition fixed to generate a good starting estimate for the
% coverages.

surf_phase.coverages = 'PT(S): 0.5, O(S): 0.5'
surf_phase.advanceCoverages(1.0);

%%
% The two objects we just created are independent of the problem
% type -- they are useful in zero-D simulations, 1-D simulations,
% etc. Now we turn to creating the objects that are specifically
% for 1-D simulations. These will be 'stacked' together to create
% the complete simulation.

%%
% **Create the inlet**
%
% The temperature, mass flux, and composition (relative molar) may be
% specified. This object provides the inlet boundary conditions for
% the flow equations.

inlt = Inlet(gas, 'inlet');

% set the inlet parameters. Start with comp1 (hydrogen/air)
inlt.T = tinlet;
inlt.X = comp1;
inlt.massFlux = mdot;

%%
% **Create the flow object**
%
% The flow object is responsible for evaluating the 1D governing
% equations for the flow. We will initialize it with the gas
% object, and assign it the name ``flow``.

flow = AxisymmetricFlow(gas, 'flow');

% set some parameters for the flow
flow.P = p;
flow.grid = initial_grid;
flow.setSteadyTolerances(tol_ss{:});
flow.setTransientTolerances(tol_ts{:});

%%
% **Create the surface**
%
% This object provides the surface boundary conditions for the flow
% equations. By supplying object ``surface_phase`` as an argument, the
% coverage equations for its surface species will be added to the
% equation set, and used to compute the surface production rates of
% the gas-phase species.

surf = ReactingSurface(surf_phase, 'surface');
surf.T = tsurf;

%%
% **Create the stack**
%
% Once the component parts have been created, they can be assembled
% to create the 1D simulation.

stack = Sim1D({inlt, flow, surf});

% set the initial profiles.
flow.setProfile('velocity', [0.0, 1.0], [0.06, 0.0]);
flow.setFlatProfile('spreadRate', 0.0)
flow.setProfile('T', [0.0, 1.0], [tinlet, tsurf]);
names = gas.speciesNames;

for k = 1:gas.nSpecies
    y = inlt.massFraction(k);
    flow.setProfile(names{k}, [0. 1.], [y y]);
end

fprintf("Profile used for initial guess:\n\n")
flow.info()

stack.setTimeStep(1.0e-5, [1, 3, 6, 12]);
stack.setMaxJacAge(4, 5);

%%
% Solution
% --------
%
% Start with the energy equation on
flow.energyEnabled = true;

%%
% Disable the surface coverage equations, and turn off all gas and
% surface chemistry

surf.coverageEnabled = false;
surf_phase.setMultiplier(0.0);
gas.setMultiplier(0.0);

%%
% Solve the problem, refining the grid if needed
stack.solve(1, refine_grid);

%%
% Now turn on the surface coverage equations, and turn the
% chemistry on slowly

surf.coverageEnabled = true;

for iter = 1:6
    mult = 10.0^(iter - 6);
    surf_phase.setMultiplier(mult);
    gas.setMultiplier(mult);
    stack.solve(1, refine_grid);
end

%%
% At this point, we should have the solution for the hydrogen/air
% problem. Now switch the inlet to the methane/air composition.
inlt.X = comp2;

%%
% Set more stringent grid refinement criteria
flow.setRefineCriteria(100.0, 0.15, 0.2);

%%
% Solve the problem for the final time
stack.solve(loglevel, refine_grid);

%%
% **Show statistics and display results**
%
% Show statistics

stack.writeStats;
elapsed = cputime - t0;
e = sprintf('Elapsed CPU time: %10.4g', elapsed);
disp(e);

%%
% Display solution

fprintf("\nFlow domain profile after final solution step:\n\n")
flow.info()

fprintf("Surface domain after final solution step:\n\n")
surf.info()

fprintf("Surface phase coverages after final solution step:\n\n")
disp(surf_phase.coverages())

%%
% Make plots

clf;

subplot(3, 3, 1);
plotSolution(flow, 'T', 'Temperature [K]');

subplot(3, 3, 2);
plotSolution(flow, 'velocity', 'Axial Velocity [m/s]');

subplot(3, 3, 3);
plotSolution(flow, 'spreadRate', 'Radial Velocity / Radius [1/s]');

subplot(3, 3, 4);
plotSolution(flow, 'CH4', 'CH4 Mass Fraction');

subplot(3, 3, 5);
plotSolution(flow, 'O2', 'O2 Mass Fraction');

subplot(3, 3, 6);
plotSolution(flow, 'CO', 'CO Mass Fraction');

subplot(3, 3, 7);
plotSolution(flow, 'CO2', 'CO2 Mass Fraction');

subplot(3, 3, 8);
plotSolution(flow, 'H2O', 'H2O Mass Fraction');

subplot(3, 3, 9);
plotSolution(flow, 'H2', 'H2 Mass Fraction');

%%
% Plotting Utility
% ----------------

function plotSolution(domain, component, titleStr)
    % Utility for plotting a specific solution component
    z = domain.grid;
    x = domain.values(component);
    plot(z, x);
    xlabel('z (m)');
    ylabel(component);
    title(titleStr)
end
